将 grails 2.5.5 应用程序部署到 tomcat 7

Question

我正在尝试将 Grails 2.5.5 应用程序部署到 Tomcat 7（在 Ubuntu 服务器上运行）。我在 Intellij 14 中使用命令 war -stacktrace -verbose 创建了 war 文件。在我的target 目录中，它成功创建了war 文件，我们称之为myapp-0.1.war。然后在终端中（我使用的是 Linux Mint）我使用以下命令将其复制到我的服务器（我在下面的示例中替换了我的详细信息，例如 mypcusername、myserverusername 和 123.123.123.123）

rsync -rtvW --delete /home/mypcusername/NetbeansProjects/myapp/target/myapp-0.1.war/ myserverusername@123.123.123.123:/home/myserverusername/myapp-0.1.war/

也不用担心上面命令的NetbeansProjects 部分，它原本是一个Netbeans 项目。然后我用sudo cp -a myapp-0.1.war/ /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/后跟sudo rm -R ROOT删除了原来的ROOT目录。然后我跑了sudo service tomcat7 restart，这就是问题所在。日志给了我以下信息：

Sep 03, 2017 10:23:39 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
INFO: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:39 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
INFO: Stopping service Catalina
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:39 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol stop
INFO: Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:39 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
INFO: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:43 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:43 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 1734 ms
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:43 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:43 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52 (Ubuntu)
Sep 03, 2017 10:23:43 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/ROOT
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:18 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://www.springframework.org/tags is already defined
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:18 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://www.springframework.org/tags/form is already defined
2017-09-03 10:24:26,325 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR context.ContextLoader  - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:473)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:622)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: grails/plugin/cache/CacheConfigArtefactHandler : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0 (unable to load class grails.plugin.cache.CacheConfigArtefactHandler)
    at CacheGrailsPlugin.<init>(CacheGrailsPlugin.groovy:49)
    ... 5 more
2017-09-03 10:24:26,330 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR context.GrailsContextLoaderListener  - Error initializing the application: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:473)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:622)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: grails/plugin/cache/CacheConfigArtefactHandler : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0 (unable to load class grails.plugin.cache.CacheConfigArtefactHandler)
    at CacheGrailsPlugin.<init>(CacheGrailsPlugin.groovy:49)
    ... 5 more
2017-09-03 10:24:26,332 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR context.GrailsContextLoaderListener  - Error initializing Grails: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'pluginManager' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:473)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:622)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.codehaus.groovy.grails.exceptions.NewInstanceCreationException: Could not create a new instance of class [CacheGrailsPlugin]!
    ... 5 more
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: grails/plugin/cache/CacheConfigArtefactHandler : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0 (unable to load class grails.plugin.cache.CacheConfigArtefactHandler)
    at CacheGrailsPlugin.<init>(CacheGrailsPlugin.groovy:49)
    ... 5 more
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Error listenerStart
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Context [] startup failed due to previous errors
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:26 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Sep 03, 2017 10:24:26 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 43228 ms

编辑感谢 suricatta，我按照他的指示创建并更改了所有目录，这些目录使所有这些警告都消失了。我正在更新日志。

自从最初提出这个问题以来，我意识到我实际上从未将 .war 文件复制到我的服务器，因为当我尝试提取文件时，它会告诉我“您无法提取目录”之类的信息，然后我注意到每次我使用rsync -rtvW --delete /home/mypcusername/NetbeansProjects/myapp/target/myapp-0.1.war/ myserverusername@123.123.123.123:/home/myserverusername/myapp-0.1.war/ 时，它都会创建一个名为 myapp-0.1.war 的空目录。

然后我使用了scp /home/mypcusername/NetBeansProjects/myapp/target/myapp-0.1.war myserverusername@41.185.91.194:/home/myserverusername，它确实将战争复制到了我的服务器。这次在 /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/ROOT 中提取实际文件后，我重新启动了 Tomcat，然后给了我上面的日志。当我转到 123.123.123.123:8080 时，我得到一个空白页面，其中包含一个 javascript 错误提示 GET http://123.123.123.123:8080/ 404 (Not Found)，我尝试了不同的变体，如 <ip>:8080/myapp 和 <ip>:8080/myapp/home，结果都相同。

我查看了this 的答案，但这似乎不适用于我，因为我的 applicationContext.xml 中没有与该问题的 OP 相同的值。让我知道是否需要发布我的 applicationContext.xml。

Answer 1

我开始了一个新项目，将我尝试部署的项目中的所有内容复制到新项目中并部署它，这解决了我遇到的问题。