如何将 Grails 战争部署到 tomcat

Question

我想部署到 Tomcat 服务器 8 的 WAR 文件有问题。 Tomcat 服务器使用默认值安装（仅更改了用户和密码）。 当我部署 WAR 文件时，我会从 Catalina.out 日志中获得以下输出：

Configuring Spring Security Core ...
... finished configuring Spring Security Core

Configuring Spring Security REST ...
... finished configuring Spring Security REST

2015-04-06 13:37:37,345 [http-nio-8080-exec-2] ERROR context.GrailsContextLoaderListener  - Error initializing the application: Error creat$
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManagerPostProcessor': Initialization of$
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager': Cannot resolve refe$
    ... 5 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Invocation of init meth$
    ... 5 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Missing type or column for column[descripciono_descripciones] on domain[Ejercicios] referencing[$
    ... 5 more
2015-04-06 13:37:37,348 [http-nio-8080-exec-2] ERROR context.GrailsContextLoaderListener  - Error initializing Grails: Error creating bean $
    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManagerPostProcessor': Initialization of$
        at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
        at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager': Cannot resolve refe$
    ... 3 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Invocation of init meth$
    ... 3 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Missing type or column for column[descripciono_descripciones] on domain[Ejercicios] referencing[$
    ... 3 more
2015-04-06 13:38:57,516 [http-nio-8080-exec-8] ERROR context.GrailsContextLoaderListener  - Error initializing Grails: Error creating bean $
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManagerPostProcessor': Initialization of$
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager': Cannot resolve refe$
    ... 3 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Invocation of init meth$
    ... 3 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Missing type or column for column[descripciono_descripciones] on domain[Ejercicios] referencing[$
    ... 3 more
06-Apr-2015 13:38:57.517 SEVERE [http-nio-8080-exec-8] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal Error listenerStart
06-Apr-2015 13:38:57.518 SEVERE [http-nio-8080-exec-8] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal Context [/backend-gimnasio-0.$
06-Apr-2015 13:38:57.540 WARNING [http-nio-8080-exec-8] org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.clearReferencesJdbc The web applic$
06-Apr-2015 13:38:57.540 WARNING [http-nio-8080-exec-8] org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.clearReferencesThreads The web app$
    java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:135)
    java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:151)
    com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver$1.run(NonRegisteringDriver.java:93)

我的猜测是MySQL连接有问题，但我真的不知道我应该在哪里指定连接字符串或类似的东西......数据库是在服务器上创建的，而Grails中的DataSource是指向那个数据库。

---

编辑：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<webapps>
    <Context path="/backend-gimnasio" docBase="webapps/backend-gimnasio" debug="0" reloadable="true">
        <!-- Replace path and docBase and etc. with your applications settings.
             This file assumes that this file is named apps-myapp.xml and is
             located under Tomcats configuration directory. It is also assumed that
             the application which is going to use MyConnection JDBC connection is
             called myapp and is accessed as http://yourdomain.tld/myapp and is
             located under Tomcats webapps directory. Database name is assumed
             my_database. Replace these with your actual values. -->


        <!-- This is a sample XML config file for an Apache Tomcat 5.5  server to
             setup MySQL Connector/J 5.1 for JDBC connectivity. Information are
             derived from sources available in the Internet. -->


        <!-- Resource name and ResourceParams name, must be the same and
             The connection pool will be bound into JNDI with that name
             Eg: "java:/comp/env/jdbc/MyConnection". Replace MyConnection in both
             places with the name you want for the connection. -->
        <Resource name="jdbc/MyConnection" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
        <ResourceParams name="jdbc/MyConnection">


        <parameter>
                <name>factory</name>
                <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- Don't set this higher than max_connections on your MySQL server,
             usually this should be a 10 or a few 10's of connections, not
             hundreds or thousands -->
        <parameter>
                <name>maxActive</name>
                <value>10</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- Just allow only as many idle connections as you require. Too much
             is bad. -->
        <parameter>
                <name>maxIdle</name>
                <value>5</value>
        </parameter>
      <!-- Don't use autoReconnect=true, it's going away eventually and it's a
             crutch for older connection pools that couldn't test connections.
             You need to decide whether your application is supposed to deal with
             SQLExceptions (hint, it should), and how much of a performance
             penalty you're willing to pay to ensure 'freshness' of the connection -->
        <parameter>
                <name>validationQuery</name>
                <value>SELECT 1</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- The most conservative approach is to test connections before they're
             given to your application. For most applications this is okay, the
             query used above is very small and takes no real server resources to
             process, other than the time used to traverse the network. If you have
             a high-load application you'll need to rely on something else. -->
        <parameter>
                <name>testOnBorrow</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </parameter>
       <!-- Otherwise, or in addition to testOnBorrow, you can test while
             connections are sitting idle -->
        <parameter>
                <name>testWhileIdle</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- You have to set this value, otherwise even though you've asked
             connections to be tested while idle,the idle evicter thread
             will never run -->
        <parameter>
                <name>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</name>
                <value>10000</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- Don't set this too high. A few minutes or even fraction of a minute
             is sometimes okay here, it depends on your application and how much
             spikey load it will see -->
        <parameter>
                <name>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</name>
                <value>60000</value>
        </parameter>
        <!-- Username and password used when connecting to MySQL. Replace myuser
             and mypassword with your username/password for the database user. -->
        <parameter>
                <name>"username"</name>
                <value>"password"</value>
        </parameter>
        <parameter>
                <name>"username"</name>
                <value>"password"</value>
        </parameter>


        <!-- Class name for the Connector/J driver -->
        <parameter>
                <name>driverClassName</name>
                <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
        </parameter>
        <!-- The JDBC connection url for connecting to MySQL, notice that if
             you want to pass any other MySQL-specific parameters you should
             pass them here in the URL, setting them using the parameter
             tags above will have no effect, you will also need to use &amp;
             to separate parameter values as the ampersand is a reserved
             character in XML. Replace my_database with your database name. -->
        <parameter>
                <name>url</name>
                <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gimnasioBackend</value>
        </parameter>


        </ResourceParams>
        </Context>
</webapps>

我将上述配置添加到 Tomcat，但仍然无法连接。我开始对这个问题有点绝望了。

Answer 1

从堆栈跟踪中提取；

Missing type or column for column[descripciono_descripciones] on domain[Ejercicios]

如果列名与camelCase 使用下划线格式的约定不匹配，那么通常会从Hibernate 获得MappingException。如果是这种情况，则必须在 mappings 部分中使用 column: 手动完成映射

例如，airportCode column: 'AIRPORT_CD'

修复该问题也可以解决部署问题（考虑到没有其他障碍）。

Answer 2

在解决这个问题一周后，在我的一位同事和 Tomcat 文档的帮助下，我找到了解决方案。
配置是在 context.xml 文件中进行的，如下：

<Resource name="jdbc/turismoBackend" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
               maxTotal="100" maxIdle="30" maxWaitMillis="10000"
               username="youruser" password="yourpassword" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
               url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yourdb"/>

值得注意的是，为了让 Tomcat 访问 MySQL，必须创建一个不同于 root 的用户，该用户具有所有权限和授予选项。像这样：

CREATE USER '[yourUsername]'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '[yourPassword]';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO [yourUsername]@[yourServer] IDENTIFIED BY [yourPassword] WITH GRANT OPTION;

就是这样！一切正常运行。