为什么 Spring Boot web app 启动后会立即关闭？答案

【问题标题】：Why does Spring Boot web app close immediately after starting?为什么 Spring Boot web app 启动后会立即关闭？
【发布时间】：2014-08-04 12:55:50
【问题描述】：

使用STS，如果我使用最新的Spring Boot导入"Rest Service"入门项目并选择"Run As Spring Boot App"，它会启动，然后立即关闭。

查看调试日志，Spring 出于某种原因决定该项目不是 Web 应用程序，但我不知道为什么。

如果我从 Spring Boot 1.1.1.RELEASE 切换到 1.0.1.RELEASE，项目将按预期工作，并找到默认的 Tomcat 嵌入式服务器。

我在1.1.1 发行说明中找不到任何暗示配置更改或任何内容的内容？

更新：重现和记录输出的步骤

我正在运行 STS 3.6.0.M1 和 Spring 4.0.5 以及 Spring Boot 1.1.1。我可以通过执行以下操作轻松重现这一点：

导入 REST 服务入门应用。
选择“作为 Spring Boot 项目运行”

这是输出：

:: Spring Boot ::        (v1.1.1.RELEASE)

2014-06-14 11:08:34.226  INFO 47728 --- [           main] hello.Application                        : Starting Application on localhost with PID 47728 (/Users/pdrummond/src/sts/gs-rest-service-complete/target/classes started by pdrummond in /Users/pdrummond/src/sts/gs-rest-service-complete)
2014-06-14 11:08:34.257  INFO 47728 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@802b249: startup date [Sat Jun 14 11:08:34 BST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-06-14 11:08:34.680  INFO 47728 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2014-06-14 11:08:34.908  INFO 47728 --- [           main] hello.Application                        : Started Application in 0.917 seconds (JVM running for 1.351)
2014-06-14 11:08:36.397  INFO 47728 --- [       Thread-3] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@802b249: startup date [Sat Jun 14 11:08:34 BST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-06-14 11:08:36.398  INFO 47728 --- [       Thread-3] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

如果我编辑 pom 并将 spring-boot-starter-parent 更改为 1.0.1.RELEASE，它会按预期启动。

更新 2：添加了 --debug 命令的输出

     :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.1.1.RELEASE)

    2014-06-14 19:29:03.814  INFO 986 --- [           main] hello.Application                        : Starting Application on localhost with PID 986 (/Users/pdrummond/src/sts/gs-rest-service-complete/target/classes started by pdrummond in /Users/pdrummond/src/sts/gs-rest-service-complete)
    2014-06-14 19:29:03.816 DEBUG 986 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Loading source class hello.Application
    2014-06-14 19:29:03.838  INFO 986 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@c163956: startup date [Sat Jun 14 19:29:03 BST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
    2014-06-14 19:29:04.177  INFO 986 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2014-06-14 19:29:04.346 DEBUG 986 --- [           main] utoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer : 


    =========================
    AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
    =========================


    Positive matches:
    -----------------

       PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration#propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; SearchStrategy: current) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)

       JacksonAutoConfiguration
          - @ConditionalOnClass classes found: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper (OnClassCondition)

       JacksonAutoConfiguration#jacksonObjectMapper
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; SearchStrategy: all) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)

       JmxAutoConfiguration
          - @ConditionalOnClass classes found: org.springframework.jmx.export.MBeanExporter (OnClassCondition)
          - SpEL expression on org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration: ${spring.jmx.enabled:true} (OnExpressionCondition)

       JmxAutoConfiguration#mbeanServer
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: javax.management.MBeanServer; SearchStrategy: all) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)

       JmxAutoConfiguration#objectNamingStrategy
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jmx.export.naming.ObjectNamingStrategy; SearchStrategy: all) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)

       HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration
          - @ConditionalOnClass classes found: org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter (OnClassCondition)

       HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration#messageConverters
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConverters; SearchStrategy: all) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)

       HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.ObjectMappers
          - @ConditionalOnClass classes found: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper (OnClassCondition)

       HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.ObjectMappers#mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter; SearchStrategy: all) found no beans (OnBeanCondition)


    Negative matches:
    -----------------

       MessageSourceAutoConfiguration
          - Bundle found for spring.messages.basename: messages (MessageSourceAutoConfiguration.ResourceBundleCondition)

       RabbitAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate,com.rabbitmq.client.Channel (OnClassCondition)

       AopAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect,org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice (OnClassCondition)

       BatchAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher,org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcOperations (OnClassCondition)

       ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.elasticsearch.client.Client,org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository (OnClassCondition)

       JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository (OnClassCondition)

       MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: com.mongodb.Mongo,org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository (OnClassCondition)

       RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer,org.springframework.data.solr.repository.SolrRepository (OnClassCondition)

       ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.elasticsearch.client.Client,org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.client.TransportClientFactoryBean,org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.client.NodeClientFactoryBean (OnClassCondition)

       ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.elasticsearch.client.Client,org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchTemplate (OnClassCondition)

       FlywayAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.flywaydb.core.Flyway (OnClassCondition)

       FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: freemarker.template.Configuration,org.springframework.ui.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurationFactory (OnClassCondition)

       GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: groovy.text.TemplateEngine (OnClassCondition)

       HypermediaAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.hateoas.Resource (OnClassCondition)

       IntegrationAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.integration.config.EnableIntegration (OnClassCondition)

       JacksonAutoConfiguration.JodaModuleAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.joda.JodaModule (OnClassCondition)

       JacksonAutoConfiguration.Jsr310ModuleAutoConfiguration
          - Required JVM version 1.8 or newer found 1.6 (OnJavaCondition)

       DataSourceAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType (OnClassCondition)

       DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate,org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager (OnClassCondition)

       JmsAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate (OnClassCondition)

       ActiveMQAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: javax.jms.ConnectionFactory,org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory (OnClassCondition)

       HornetQAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: javax.jms.ConnectionFactory,org.hornetq.api.jms.HornetQJMSClient (OnClassCondition)

       JmxAutoConfiguration#mbeanExporter
          - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jmx.export.MBeanExporter; SearchStrategy: current) found the following [mbeanExporter] (OnBeanCondition)

       LiquibaseAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: liquibase.integration.spring.SpringLiquibase (OnClassCondition)

       DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.mobile.device.DeviceResolverHandlerInterceptor,org.springframework.mobile.device.DeviceHandlerMethodArgumentResolver (OnClassCondition)

       SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.mobile.device.site.SitePreferenceHandlerInterceptor,org.springframework.mobile.device.site.SitePreferenceHandlerMethodArgumentResolver (OnClassCondition)

       MongoAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: com.mongodb.Mongo (OnClassCondition)

       MongoDataAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: com.mongodb.Mongo,org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate (OnClassCondition)

       HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration
          - did not find HibernateEntityManager class (HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.HibernateEntityManagerCondition)

       ReactorAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: reactor.spring.context.config.EnableReactor (OnClassCondition)

       RedisAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnection,org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisOperations,redis.clients.jedis.Jedis (OnClassCondition)

       FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration
          - SpEL expression on org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration: !${security.basic.enabled:true} (OnExpressionCondition)

       SecurityAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager (OnClassCondition)

       FacebookAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.social.facebook.connect.FacebookConnectionFactory (OnClassCondition)

       LinkedInAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.social.linkedin.connect.LinkedInConnectionFactory (OnClassCondition)

       SocialWebAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.social.connect.web.ConnectController,org.springframework.social.config.annotation.SocialConfigurerAdapter (OnClassCondition)

       TwitterAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.springframework.social.twitter.connect.TwitterConnectionFactory (OnClassCondition)

       SolrAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer (OnClassCondition)

       ThymeleafAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine (OnClassCondition)

       VelocityAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine,org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineFactory (OnClassCondition)

       DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: javax.servlet.Servlet,org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet (OnClassCondition)

       MultipartAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: javax.servlet.Servlet,javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement (OnClassCondition)

       ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       WebMvcAutoConfiguration
          - not a web application (OnWebApplicationCondition)

       WebSocketAutoConfiguration
          - required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found: javax.servlet.Servlet,org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat,org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler,org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsSci (OnClassCondition)



    2014-06-14 19:29:04.348  INFO 986 --- [           main] hello.Application                        : Started Application in 0.73 seconds (JVM running for 1.085)
    2014-06-14 19:29:06.378  INFO 986 --- [       Thread-3] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@c163956: startup date [Sat Jun 14 19:29:03 BST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
    2014-06-14 19:29:06.379  INFO 986 --- [       Thread-3] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

【问题讨论】：

将日志或输出粘贴到您的问题中怎么样？
我认为这不是必需的，因为它发生在一个易于重现的标准示例应用程序中（至少对我而言），但无论如何我都会添加它，以防它提供某种线索，我没看到。
为我工作。您是导入为 Maven 还是 Gradle 项目（请尝试其他）？
我一开始使用的是 Gradle，然后尝试了 Maven，它仍然发生。感谢您尝试。如果它对您有用，则可能是我的设置有问题，因此我将对其进行更详细的研究。你知道Spring Boot在使用spring-boot-starter-web时是否会不默认使用Tomcat？这似乎是正在发生的事情，但调试日志并没有告诉我为什么 Boot 认为它不是网络应用程序！
您可以使用“--debug”（或 application.properties 中的“debug=true”）启动应用程序。然后你会看到所有的自动配置决定。如果没有tomcat，你的类路径一定是乱七八糟的。

标签： spring spring-boot

【解决方案1】：

我也有同样的问题。为了使它工作，我必须调整 pom.xml 并注释掉 spring-boot-starter-tomcat 工件的“提供”范围并更新依赖项。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <!--<scope>provided</scope>-->
</dependency>

现在它按预期启动了！感谢其他一些让我走上正轨的答案。

【讨论】：

这里也是 gradle 解决方案：` compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat') // providedRuntime('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter -tomcat')`
它有什么作用？这是否意味着我必须自己在我的机器上安装tomcat？我问这个，因为有一天你需要为 web 服务器打包它。
这也解决了我的问题。 SpringBootApplication main 在从 IDE 启动时关闭，但在使用 spring-boot 插件运行时按预期工作。请考虑选择此答案作为正确答案。
从start.spring.io 生成项目后，我从依赖项堆栈中删除了以下行：providedRuntime('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat') 现在它按预期开始了。感谢您的提示！

【解决方案2】：

执行打包阶段时检查 mvn 日志，并确保将 tomcat-embed-core jar 分配到您的应用程序 jar 中。

【讨论】：

谢谢哥们...你拯救了我的一天。 :)

【解决方案3】：

我遇到了同样的问题，我的 spring-boot 应用程序立即关闭，没有任何启动的 tomcat 痕迹，尽管我的 pom.xml 中包含依赖项<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>。这表明 spring-boot 没有将我的应用程序识别为 Web 应用程序。

尝试使用 mvn clean install 实用程序再次清理和打包我的应用程序，以验证是否将 tomcat 库打包到我的应用程序二进制/可部署中。发现以下问题（查找以 '[WARNING]' 开头的行）：

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ exam-launcher ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to C:\XXXXX\XXXXXX\XXXX_Workspace\my-app\target\classes
[WARNING] error reading c:\.m2\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\8.5.14\tomcat-embed-core-8.5.14.jar; invalid LOC header (bad signature)
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ exam-launcher ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Chaithu\Work_Related\Eclipse_Neon_Workspace\exam-portal-server\src\test\resources

我在本地 repo 上的 tomcat 库已损坏（由于某些未知原因），因为它没有包含在 maven 包中。从我本地的maven repo中删除了相应的文件夹，让maven重新下载。现在它就像一个魅力！

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

只需添加

 spring.main.web-environment=true

在 application.properties 中并重新启动。

【讨论】：

您为我节省了很多时间，但是该属性已被弃用。使用 web-application-type: 代替。

【解决方案5】：

所有答案都表明它缺少tomcat。就我而言，它在我的 pom 中被标记为 <scope>provided</scope> 我认为我这样做了，因为稍后我需要在另一个应用服务器上运行我的应用程序。所以是的，这对我来说就是同一问题的另一个版本。

【讨论】：

是的，如果不是很清楚，请保留 tomcat（或在我的情况下为码头）依赖项，但请确保从依赖项声明中删除提供的范围。
我也将打包定义为war，想部署在App服务器上。但出于测试和调试目的，我想使用主类运行它。我可以删除我的情况下的范围吗？？

【解决方案6】：

我找到了发生这种情况的原因。我的是我没有包含任何引入 tomcat 运行时的库。我包含了 spring-web 依赖项和 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa（如下所示），但是这些包都不会为这个应用程序带来 tomcat 运行时运行。所以，它是自动关机。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

解决方案是将 spring-web 更改为 spring-boot-starter-web（如下所示）。这个库引入了 tomcat 库并启动了我的应用程序。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

我刚遇到同样的问题，花了一段时间寻找解决方案。我知道这个问题现在已经有几年了，但这可能会在将来节省其他人的时间。

我在运行mvn clean install 时收到此警告消息：

[WARNING] error reading /Users/fotouhm/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.16/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.16.jar; zip file is empty

由于某种原因，该文件已损坏。只需转到下面的链接并替换它。

http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/8.5.16/tomcat-embed-core-8.5.16.jar

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

此外，您应该检查您的应用中是否至少有一个休息控制器 (@RestController) 并确保您使用 spring-boot-starter-tomcat 进行编译

providedRuntime ('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat')

【讨论】：

【解决方案9】：

在我的例子中，log4j.properties 丢失了。

【讨论】：

【解决方案10】：

就我而言，application.properties 中有语法错误：

application.password.numberOfLoginAttempts=5;

最后的分号导致 Spring 以错误代码 0 静默关闭

【讨论】：