Java：保持JPanel背景图像的纵横比

Question

我有一个JPanel，带有一个绘制的背景图像和一个布局管理器，其中包含其他较小的图像，所有这些都在一个JFrame 中。背景图像非常大，无论是在大显示器还是小显示器上，我都希望能够保持其纵横比。

最终，我希望能够将我的LayoutManager 及其单元格中的较小图像“粘合”到背景图片上。

我四处寻找资源，似乎很多示例都使用BufferedImage，但我没有；这会造成问题吗？我将在下面发布我的代码以绘制图像，如果我缺少任何信息，请告诉我。

public class MonitorPanel extends JPanel {
    Image img;
    public MonitorPanel() throws MalformedURLException {
        //add components

        try {
            img = ImageIO.read(new File("src/customer_vlans.jpg"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
    //paint background image
    super.paintComponent(g);
    //g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), this);
    g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, this);

}

}

---

编辑：我应该提到我知道纵横比公式： 原始高度 / 原始宽度 x 新宽度 = 新高度 但是，我不知道如何正确使用它来发挥我的优势。

Answer 1

嗯，最快最简单的解决方案是使用Image.getScaledInstance

g.drawImage(img.getScaledInstance(newWidth, -1, Image. SCALE_SMOOTH), x, y, this);

如果您想知道负数，java 文档会说：

如果宽度或高度为负数，则值为 替换为保持原始图像的纵横比 方面。如果宽度和高度都是负数，那么原来的 使用图像尺寸。

更新

顺便说一句（我的 Google 正在发挥作用）。

getScaledInstance 不是最快或最高质量的方法，但它是最简单的。

阅读The Perils of Image.getScaledInstance 了解更多想法

更新

缩放图像以适应某个区域比简单地缩放纵横比稍微复杂一些。您必须选择是否希望图像“适合”该区域（可能在其周围留下空白区域）或“填充”该区域（使其最小尺寸适合该区域的最大尺寸）。

适合和填充

基本上，我使用比例因子

这将返回特定尺寸的缩放因子。我使用它来根据我需要的算法来决定我想使用哪个因素

public static double getScaleFactor(int iMasterSize, int iTargetSize) {

    double dScale = 1;
    if (iMasterSize > iTargetSize) {

        dScale = (double) iTargetSize / (double) iMasterSize;

    } else {

        dScale = (double) iTargetSize / (double) iMasterSize;

    }

    return dScale;

}

这两种方法都用到了。他们只需要两个Dimensions。原件和目标。

public static double getScaleFactorToFit(Dimension original, Dimension toFit) {

    double dScale = 1d;

    if (original != null && toFit != null) {

        double dScaleWidth = getScaleFactor(original.width, toFit.width);
        double dScaleHeight = getScaleFactor(original.height, toFit.height);

        dScale = Math.min(dScaleHeight, dScaleWidth);

    }

    return dScale;

}

public static double getScaleFactorToFill(Dimension masterSize, Dimension targetSize) {

    double dScaleWidth = getScaleFactor(masterSize.width, targetSize.width);
    double dScaleHeight = getScaleFactor(masterSize.height, targetSize.height);

    double dScale = Math.max(dScaleHeight, dScaleWidth);

    return dScale;

}

将图像传入（直接或通过支持方法）相对简单。例如，您可以在 paint 方法中调用它

double factor getScaledFactorToFit(new Dimension(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()), getSize());

int scaledWidth = image.getWidth() * scale;
int scaledHeight *= image.getWidth() * scale;

这将自动为您处理纵横比；）

更新扩展示例

public double getScaleFactor(int iMasterSize, int iTargetSize) {

    double dScale = 1;
    if (iMasterSize > iTargetSize) {

        dScale = (double) iTargetSize / (double) iMasterSize;

    } else {

        dScale = (double) iTargetSize / (double) iMasterSize;

    }

    return dScale;

}

public double getScaleFactorToFit(Dimension original, Dimension toFit) {

    double dScale = 1d;

    if (original != null && toFit != null) {

        double dScaleWidth = getScaleFactor(original.width, toFit.width);
        double dScaleHeight = getScaleFactor(original.height, toFit.height);

        dScale = Math.min(dScaleHeight, dScaleWidth);

    }

    return dScale;

}

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {

    super.paintComponent(g);

    double scaleFactor = Math.min(1d, getScaleFactorToFit(new Dimension(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()), getSize()));

    int scaleWidth = (int) Math.round(image.getWidth() * scaleFactor);
    int scaleHeight = (int) Math.round(image.getHeight() * scaleFactor);

    Image scaled = image.getScaledInstance(scaleWidth, scaleHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);

    int width = getWidth() - 1;
    int height = getHeight() - 1;

    int x = (width - scaled.getWidth(this)) / 2;
    int y = (height - scaled.getHeight(this)) / 2;

    g.drawImage(scaled, x, y, this);

}

Answer 2

我想出了这个解决方案：

public class ImageLabel extends JPanel {

    private Image image = null;

    public void setImage(Image img) {
        image = img;
        repaint();
    }

    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);

        if (image != null) {

            int imgWidth, imgHeight;
            double contRatio = (double) getWidth() / (double) getHeight();
            double imgRatio =  (double) image.getWidth(this) / (double) image.getHeight(this);

            //width limited
            if(contRatio < imgRatio){
                imgWidth = getWidth();
                imgHeight = (int) (getWidth() / imgRatio);

            //height limited
            }else{
                imgWidth = (int) (getHeight() * imgRatio);
                imgHeight = getHeight();
            }

            //to center
            int x = (int) (((double) getWidth() / 2) - ((double) imgWidth / 2));
            int y = (int) (((double) getHeight()/ 2) - ((double) imgHeight / 2));

            g.drawImage(image, x, y, imgWidth, imgHeight, this);
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

对于任何有兴趣通过 MadProgrammer 修改 PaintComponent 方法的人，如下所示可以更快地更新显示

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            super.paintComponent(g);

            double scaleFactor = Math.min(1d, getScaleFactorToFit(new Dimension(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()), getSize()));

            int scaleWidth = (int) Math.round(image.getWidth() * scaleFactor);
            int scaleHeight = (int) Math.round(image.getHeight() * scaleFactor);

            //Image scaled = image.getScaledInstance(scaleWidth, scaleHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);

            int width = getWidth() - 1;
            int height = getHeight() - 1;

            int x = (width - scaleWidth) / 2;
            int y = (height - scaleHeight) / 2;

            g2d.drawImage(image, x, y, scaleWidth, scaleHeight, this);

        }

Answer 4

试试这样的：

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class SG2B2 {

    JFrame frame;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SG2B2 gui = new SG2B2();
        gui.createUI();
    }

    public void createUI() {
        frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        MyDrawPanel drawPanel = new MyDrawPanel();
        frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, drawPanel);
        frame.setSize(300, 400);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    class MyDrawPanel extends JPanel {

        Image image;
        private final String pic = "Logo.jpg";

        public MyDrawPanel() {
            image = new ImageIcon(pic).getImage();
            image = scaleImage(image);
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
            g2.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);
        }

        private Image scaleImage(Image rawImage) {
            Image scaledImage = null;
            System.out.println("Scaling");
            try {
                int rawImageWidth = rawImage.getWidth(this);
                int rawImageHeight = rawImage.getHeight(this);
                int paneWidth = (int) getWidth();
                int paneHeight = (int) getHeight();
                System.out.println("Image W = " + rawImageWidth
                        + ", H = " + rawImageHeight
                        + "; Pane W = " + paneWidth
                        + ", H = " + paneHeight);
                // preserve the original ratio  
                float widthRatio = (float) rawImageWidth / (float) paneWidth;
                float heightRatio = (float) rawImageHeight / (float) paneHeight;
                int widthFactor = -1;
                int heightFactor = -1;
                if ((widthRatio > heightRatio) && (widthRatio > 1.0)) {
                    widthFactor = paneWidth;
                } else if ((heightRatio > widthRatio) && (heightRatio > 1.0)) {
                    heightFactor = paneHeight;
                }
                System.out.println("widthRatio = "
                        + String.format("%.3f", widthRatio)
                        + ", heightRatio = "
                        + String.format("%.3f", heightRatio));
                System.out.println("widthFactor = " + widthFactor
                        + ", heightFactor = " + heightFactor);
                if ((widthFactor < 0) && (heightFactor < 0)) {
                    scaledImage = rawImage;
                } else {
                    scaledImage = rawImage.getScaledInstance(widthFactor, heightFactor,
                            Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
                    // load the new image, 'getScaledInstance' loads asynchronously  
                    MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(this);
                    tracker.addImage(scaledImage, 0);
                    tracker.waitForID(0);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                System.err.println("load interrupt: " + ie.getMessage());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return (scaledImage);
        }
    }
}

最终将使用getScaledInstance(int width, int height, ImageObserver io) 将图像缩放到JPanel 的大小