【发布时间】:2016-02-17 22:18:17
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试使用 PowerMock 来模拟具有静态方法的类,但我特别希望在 Android Instrumentation 测试中执行此操作。明确地说,我希望在真正的 Android 设备或模拟器上运行测试。 我正在使用 Android Studio (1.5.1) 和 Gradle (1.5.0)。为了避免任何红鲱鱼,我创建了一个非常基本且相当粗糙的“hello world”应用程序。此应用程序仅显示 2 段文本,一段从静态方法检索,另一段从非静态方法检索。我已经为这两个“文本提供者”类编写了仪器测试。你可以在这里看到这个应用程序:
https://github.com/Kai2k/PowerMockAndroidTest.git
在尝试运行仪器测试时,我得到了许多人试图实现此目标的错误:
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK mockito-extensions/org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker
File1: /Users/kaiarmer/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.crittercism.dexmaker/dexmaker-mockito/1.4/70892a94894462c1b35df3c8a77d21b7e843550b/dexmaker-mockito-1.4.jar
File2: /Users/kaiarmer/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.powermock/powermock-api-mockito/1.6.4/fe12509b7e9e49d25131f4155145748a31e42e40/powermock-api-mockito-1.6.4.jar
我对应用的 build.gradle 文件的依赖项如下所示:
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.6.4'
testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-rule-agent:1.6.4'
testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-rule:1.6.4'
testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:1.6.4'
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
androidTestCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.6.4'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1'
androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.crittercism.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.4'
androidTestCompile 'com.crittercism.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.4'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'
}
您会注意到一些“testCompile”依赖于 power mock 和相关库(除了 androidTestCompile)。这是因为对于腰带和背带,我想看看我是否可以让 junit(非仪器)测试(使用电源模拟)也能正常工作。我能够做到这一点,但不是仪器测试。这是我的(可怕的)代码:
主要活动:
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
.setAction("Action", null).show();
}
});
TextView textView1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
textView1.setText(GetStaticValue.getTheStaticValue());
TextView textView2 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView2);
textView2.setText(new GetNonStaticValue().getNonStaticString());
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.example.android.powermocktest.MainActivity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<include layout="@layout/content_main" />
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
android:layout_margin="@dimen/fab_margin"
android:src="@android:drawable/ic_dialog_email" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:context="com.example.android.powermocktest.MainActivity"
tools:showIn="@layout/activity_main">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:text="Hello World!" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView1"
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:text="Hello World again!" />
</RelativeLayout>
以及获取静态和非静态值的类:
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
public class GetStaticValue {
private final static String THE_VALUE = "Hi, I'm static";
public static String getTheStaticValue(){
return THE_VALUE;
}
}
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
public class GetNonStaticValue {
public String getNonStaticString(){
return "Hi, I'm non-static";
}
}
最后是测试类。首先是仪器测试:
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@PrepareForTest(GetStaticValue.class)
public class GetStaticValueTest {
@Test
public void getStaticValueReturnsValue(){
PowerMockito.mockStatic(GetStaticValue.class);
when(GetStaticValue.getTheStaticValue()).thenReturn("Hi, I'm static");
assertThat(GetStaticValue.getTheStaticValue(), equalTo("Hi, I'm static"));
}
}
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class GetNonStaticValueTest {
@Test
public void getNonStaticValueReturnsNonStaticValue(){
GetNonStaticValue getNonStaticValue = Mockito.mock(GetNonStaticValue.class);
when(getNonStaticValue.getNonStaticString()).thenReturn("Hi, I'm non-static");
assertThat(getNonStaticValue.getNonStaticString(), equalTo("Hi, I'm non-static"));
}
}
现在 jUnit 测试(有效):
package com.example.android.powermocktest;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(GetStaticValue.class)
public class GetStaticValueTest {
@Test
public void getStaticValueReturnsValue() {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(GetStaticValue.class);
when(GetStaticValue.getTheStaticValue()).thenReturn("Hi, I'm static");
assertThat(GetStaticValue.getTheStaticValue(), equalTo("Hi, I'm static"));
}
}
到目前为止我所尝试的:
我已经围绕这个问题做了一些阅读,我发现了一个我没有尝试过的解决方案是手动破解打开 power mock 库 jar 并删除有问题的重复类。由于(在工作中)我们使用 gradle 并且不使用本地 jar,所以我不想这样做。
How to get Powermock to work with Dexmaker
我听说有人建议在 gradle 构建文件的 Android 部分使用“排除”。这不适合运行它的仪器测试(由 Android Studio / Gradle)构建为 apk 并在设备上启动。因此,需要 power mock jar 来运行测试。
android studio: gradle dependency error
我已尝试删除您在上面的构建文件中看到的一些依赖项。例如,我尝试删除“org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito”依赖项,但例如需要使用“mockStatic”。
似乎有人在使用 Maven 时成功了,通过告诉 Maven 排除重复项:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/powermock/android/powermock/ndZ2ZliYGCY/Eh226605u2cJ
PowerMock + Mockito + Maven on Android app showing Dex loader error
我试图看看是否有办法告诉 Gradle 忽略依赖项 jar 中的重复类,但到目前为止我没有成功。
我觉得这是值得追求的,因为第一,power mock在谨慎使用时会非常有用,第二,我不敢相信这个问题还没有解决(以前肯定遇到过!)。
最后一点,我确实注意到 Google 自己似乎天生就建议模拟仅用于单元测试,而不是仪器测试:
http://developer.android.com/training/testing/start/index.html
任何人都可以提供的帮助将不胜感激。谢谢。
【问题讨论】:
-
你能解决这个问题吗?
-
不,还没有,这个问题还没有解决。
-
看起来这个问题将部分消失 - youtube.com/watch?v=eMHsnvhcf78&t=580s
标签: java android gradle mockito powermock