在 Windows 中使用 Python，如何通过套接字连接发送和检索任意数量的数据？

Question

我正在尝试遵循 online tutorial 中关于使用标准 Python 库（版本 2.7）进行基本客户端-服务器套接字编程的示例，但我无法让该示例在 Windows（Vista）下工作。它在 Ubuntu 11.10 中运行良好，所以我知道下面的代码至少可以在基于 UNIX 的环境中运行：

import optparse, os, socket, time

def parse_args():
    parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage)

    help = "The port to listen on. Default to a random available port."
    parser.add_option('--port', type='int', help=help)

    help = "The interface to listen on. Default is localhost."
    parser.add_option('--iface', help=help, default='localhost')

    help = "The number of seconds between sending bytes."
    parser.add_option('--delay', type='float', help=help, default=.1)

    help = "The number of bytes to send at a time."
    parser.add_option('--num-bytes', type='int', help=help, default=10)

    options, args = parser.parse_args()
    if len(args) != 1:
        parser.error('Provide exactly one poetry file.')   
    poetry_file = args[0]
    if not os.path.exists(args[0]):
        parser.error('No such file: %s' % poetry_file)
    return options, poetry_file


def send_poetry(sock, poetry_file, num_bytes, delay):
    inputf = open(poetry_file)
    while True:
        bytes = inputf.read(num_bytes)
        if not bytes:
            sock.close()
            inputf.close()
            return

        print 'Sending %d bytes' % len(bytes)

        try:
            sock.sendall(bytes) # this is a blocking call
        except socket.error:
            sock.close()
            inputf.close()
            return

        time.sleep(delay)


def serve(listen_socket, poetry_file, num_bytes, delay):
    while True:
        sock, addr = listen_socket.accept()
        print 'Somebody at %s wants poetry!' % (addr,)
        send_poetry(sock, poetry_file, num_bytes, delay)


def main():
    options, poetry_file = parse_args()
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind((options.iface, options.port or 0))
    sock.listen(5)
    print 'Serving %s on port %s.' % (poetry_file, sock.getsockname()[1])
    serve(sock, poetry_file, options.num_bytes, options.delay)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

一旦套接字在serve() 函数中调用accept()，程序就会停止响应，据我所知，没有收到任何请求的数据。关于 Windows 对套接字的处理，我忽略了什么？

Answer 1

看起来您可能需要让它在 2 个不同的进程中运行，或者将客户端和服务器分成 2 个不同的线程。我刚刚让它在我的 Win7 机器上工作：

client.py

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("localhost", 4242))
while True:
    line = input("String to send: ")
    s.send(line.encode("utf-8"))

server.py:

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("0.0.0.0", 0))
s.listen(5)
client, address = s.accept()
while 1:
    data = client.recv(1024)
    if data:
        client.send(data)
        print(data.decode("utf-8"))

结果：

C:\Users\jon\Desktop>python.exe client.py
要发送的字符串：“你好！”

独立控制台

C:\Users\jon\Desktop>python server.py
你好！

更多关于Winsock Programmer’s FAQ的好信息

---

您使用的脚本挂在sock, addr = listen_socket.accept()（如果设置为sock.settimeout(x)，则直到超时）。如果使用sock.setblocking(0)，则会在accept() 行抛出异常socket.error: [Errno 10035] A non-blocking socket operation could not be completed immediately，这就是超时所发生的情况：

def serve(listen_socket, poetry_file, num_bytes, delay):
    while True:
        print "accepting data"
        try:
            sock, addr = listen_socket.accept()
        except socket.error, e:
            print e
        else:
            print 'Somebody at %s wants poetry!' % (addr,)
            send_poetry(sock, poetry_file, num_bytes, delay)


def main():
    options, poetry_file = parse_args()
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.bind((options.iface, options.port or 0))
    sock.listen(5)
    sock.settimeout(5)
    print 'Serving %s on port %s.' % (poetry_file, sock.getsockname()[1])
    serve(sock, poetry_file, options.num_bytes, options.delay)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

结果：

C:\Users\jon\Desktop>python.exe test.py poetry.txt                                              
Serving poetry.txt on port 25355.                                                                   
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data                                                                                      
timed out                                                                                           
accepting data