在启动和关机时运行 shell 脚本时遇到错误答案

【问题标题】：Facing errors with running shell scripts at startup and poweroff在启动和关机时运行 shell 脚本时遇到错误
【发布时间】：2016-04-21 16:32:18
【问题描述】：

我使用的是 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，我想在启动时运行 3 个脚本。它们的命名如下：voe.shstartUp.sh和runDown.sh

脚本voe.sh 是主文件，它将依次调用其他两个文件，具体取决于系统是分别启动还是关闭。

我将所有 3 个文件复制到目录 /etc/init.d。然后我使用sysv-rc-conf 实用程序将它们添加到适当的运行级别，如下所示：

shankar@shannkardell:~/Important Files$ sysv-rc-conf --list voe
voe          0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
shankar@shannkardell:~/Important Files$ sysv-rc-conf --list startUp
startUp      0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
shankar@shannkardell:~/Important Files$ sysv-rc-conf --list runDown
runDown      0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

我检查了所有rc*.d 目录，它们都具有指向/etc/init.d 目录的正确符号链接，所有3 个脚本都保存在该目录中。这些脚本的权限似乎也正确：

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/init.d$ ls -l voe startUp runDown
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2781 Apr 20 14:58 runDown
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2576 Apr 20 14:57 startUp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2242 Apr 20 14:57 voe

即便如此，当我重新启动机器时，我的boot.log 会说：

/etc/init.d/rc: 121: /etc/init.d/rc: /etc/rc2.d/S20voe: not found

另外，我尝试从另一个目录测试voe.sh（我也将另外两个保存在同一目录中），方法如下：

shankar@shannkardell:~/Important Files$ sudo bash voe.sh start
Starting GT.M for shankarNow using node v4.2.6 (npm v2.14.12)
-su: startUp.sh: command not found
*

我不是 Ubuntu 专家。所以如果我能在这个问题上得到任何指导，那就太好了。

谢谢

编辑

以下是我关心的 3 个脚本上的 ls -l：

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/init.d$ ls -l runDown voe startUp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2781 Apr 20 14:58 runDown
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2242 Apr 20 14:57 voe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2576 Apr 20 14:57 startUp

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc0.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 K80voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc1.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 K80voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc2.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 S20voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc3.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 S20voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc4.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 S20voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc5.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 20 15:28 S20startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 S20voe -> ../init.d/voe

shankar@shannkardell:/etc/rc6.d$ ls -l *runDown *startUp *voe
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80runDown -> ../init.d/runDown
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 13 21:24 K80startUp -> ../init.d/startUp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 18:58 K80voe -> ../init.d/voe

voe.sh 脚本（位于 /etc/init.d/voe）：

#! /bin/bash
#
# $Source: /home/fwslc/lsb-fwslc/inst.bin/RCS/voe,v $
# $Revision: 20100820.1 $
#
# chkconfig: 2345 15 85
# description: GT.M System Startup and Shutdown scripts
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          wvehrvoe10
# Required-Start:    $local_fs
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Sequence Managers startup/rundown scripts
# Description:       System Startup and Shutdown scripts
### END INIT INFO

# Author: K.S. Bhaskar <bhaskar@worldvista.org>
# Tweaked by Gus Landis <ldl@linux.com>
# Tweaked further by David Wicksell <dlw@linux.com>

# Do NOT "set -e"

# Source function library
bash -xv
source /lib/lsb/init-functions

NAME="`basename $0 | sed 's/...//'`"
PATH=/home/shankar/.nvm/versions/node/v4.2.6/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
DESC="GT.M start/rundown scripts"
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

#
# Function that starts WorldVistA EHR VOE/2.0oe
#
do_start() {
  echo -n Starting GT.M for ${NAME} 
  echo `date` - Starting GT.M for ${NAME} >> /var/log/boot.log
  su - ${NAME} -c /home/shankar/bin/startUp.sh
  if [ $? == 0 ]; then
    log_success_msg
    echo GT.M for ${NAME} started successfully >> /var/log/boot.log
    touch /var/lock/${NAME}
  else
    log_failure_msg
    echo GT.M for ${NAME} did not start successfully >> /var/log/boot.log
  fi
  echo
}

#
# Function that stops WorldVistA EHR VOE/2.0oe
#
do_stop() {
  echo -n Stopping GT.M for ${NAME} 
  echo `date` - Stopping GT.M for ${NAME} >> /var/log/boot.log
  su - ${NAME} -c /home/shankar/runDown.sh
  if [ $? == 0 ]; then
    log_success_msg
    rm /var/lock/${NAME}
    echo GT.M for ${NAME} stopped successfully >> /var/log/boot.log
  else
    log_failure_msg
    echo GT.M for ${NAME} did not stop successfully >> /var/log/boot.log
  fi
  echo
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    do_start
    ;;
  stop)
    do_stop
    ;;
  restart|force-reload)
    do_stop
    do_start
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
    echo "Not expected to run from /etc/init.d, but rather from /etc/rc?.d"
    exit 3
    ;;
esac

# $RCSfile: voe,v $

startUp.sh 脚本（位于 /home/shankar/bin/startUp.sh）：

#! /bin/bash -l
#
# Package:       FWSLC Infrastructure
# File:          gtm_start.sh
# Summary:       init script to start GT.M
# Maintainer:    LD Landis & DL Wicksell
# Last Modified: Aug 20, 2010
#
# Written by LD Landis <ldl@linux.com>
#          & DL Wicksell <dlw@linux.com>
# Copyright © 2010 Fourth Watch Software, LC
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL)
# as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
#
# $Source: /home/fwslc/lsb-fwslc/inst.bin/RCS/gtm_start.sh,v $
# $Revision: 20100820.1 $
#
# Ensures that GT.M is recovered and starts new journal
bash -xv
cd /home/shankar
source /home/shankar/EHR/env2

LOGDIR=/home/shankar/log/`basename $0 .sh`
LOG=${LOGDIR}/`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`

if [ ! -d ${LOGDIR} ] ; then
  mkdir -p ${LOGDIR}
fi

if [ ! -r /home/shankar/EHR/g/mumps.mjl ] ; then
  echo "No database to start in `pwd`"                         > ${LOG}
  exit 1
fi

echo "**Recover Journals**"                                   >> ${LOG}
mupip journal -recover -backward /home/shankar/EHR/g/mumps.mjl              >> ${LOG} 2>&1
#mupip journal -recover -backward ~/EHR/j/ewdgbl.mjl               >> ${LOG} 2>&1
echo "**Enable Journals**"                                    >> ${LOG}
mupip set -journal="enable,on,before" -file /home/shankar/EHR/g/mumps.dat   >> ${LOG} 2>&1
#mupip set -journal="enable,on,before" -file ~/EHR/g/ewdgbl.dat    >> ${LOG} 2>&1
echo "**Rundown database**"                                   >> ${LOG}
mupip rundown -reg "*"                                        >> ${LOG} 2>&1
if [ "${REPL_SIDE}" == "PRIMARY" ] ; then
  echo "**Starting Taskman**"                                 >> ${LOG}
  echo y | mumps -run START^ZTMB                              >> ${LOG} 2>&1
  if [ $? == 0 ] ; then
    echo "###Successfully finished###"                        >> ${LOG}
  else
    echo "###Did not run successfully###"                     >> ${LOG}
  fi
fi

exit 0

# $RCSfile: gtm_start.sh,v $

runDown.sh 脚本（位于/home/shankar/bin/runDown.sh）：

#! /bin/bash -l
#
# Package:       FWSLC Infrastructure
# File:          gtm_rundown.sh
# Summary:       init script to stop GT.M
# Maintainer:    LD Landis & DL Wicksell
# Last Modified: Jan 24, 2012
#
# Written by LD Landis <ldl@linux.com>
#          & DL Wicksell <dlw@linux.com>
# Copyright © 2010-2012 Fourth Watch Software, LC
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL)
# as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
#
# $Source: /home/fwslc/lsb-fwslc/inst.bin/RCS/gtm_rundown,sh,v $
# $Revision: 20121217.1 $
#
# Stop GT.M
bash -xv
cd /home/shankar
source /home/shankar/EHR/env2

LOGDIR=/home/shankar/log/`basename $0 .sh`
LOG=${LOGDIR}/`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`

if [ ! -d ${LOGDIR} ] ; then
  mkdir -p ${LOGDIR}
fi

if [ ! -r /home/shankar/EHR/g/mumps.dat ] ; then
  echo "No db to rundown in `pwd`"                           > ${LOG}
  exit 1
fi

if [ "${REPL_SIDE}" == "PRIMARY" ] ; then
  (
  mumps -direct << EOF
s U="^"
d STOP^ZTMKU
y
y
y
h
EOF
  )                                                             >> ${LOG} 2>&1

  TEST="true" STIME=`date '+%s'`
  while ${TEST}
    do
      gtm_prompt="" TEST=`mumps -direct <<< 'w $d(^%ZTSCH("RUN"))#2'`

      if [ ${TEST} -eq 1 ] ; then
        TEST="true"
      elif [ ${TEST} -eq 0 ] ; then
        TEST="false"
      else
        echo "`basename $0` may have a bug in it"               >> ${LOG} 2>&1
      fi

      NOW=`date '+%s'`

      if [ `expr ${NOW} - ${STIME}` -ge 30 ] ; then
        TEST="false"

        echo "TaskMan took too long to shut down, force quit"   >> ${LOG} 2>&1
        echo
      fi
    done
fi

CMD="pgrep -u ${USER} mumps"

PROCS=`eval ${CMD}`
if [ ! -z "${PROCS}" ] ; then
  for i in `echo ${PROCS}`
  do
    mupip stop ${i}                                             >> ${LOG} 2>&1
  done                                                          
fi

sleep 1

PROCS=`eval ${CMD}`
if [ ! -z "${PROCS}" ] ; then
  pkill -9 mumps                                                >> ${LOG} 2>&1
fi

sleep 1

mupip rundown -region "*"                                       >> ${LOG} 2>&1

exit 0

# $RCSfile: gtm_rundown.sh,v $

【问题讨论】：

标签： linux shell startup shutdown

【解决方案1】：

我看到名称不匹配。 voe 在 /etc/init.d 里面，你尝试调用 voe.sh。请检查名称

【讨论】：

使用sudo bash voe.sh start，我只是想检查脚本是否运行良好。我正在从个人目录~\Important Files 执行它。这就是我使用voe.sh 调用它的原因
请出示您的ls -l /etc/rc2.d/S20voe 以及所有相关文件和链接。我认为文件放置或 PATH 内容不匹配。顺便问一下，你确定 root 的 PATH 足以运行你的脚本吗？
嗨@Michael，我已按照您的要求添加了输出。请让我知道是否需要其他任何东西。谢谢
voe 脚本是否尝试运行命令“su startUp.sh”？如果可能的话也请分享voe的内容？
嗨@StianSkjelstad，我添加了3个脚本。

【解决方案2】：

只是为了了解一些细节：
执行runStartrunStart.sh是两个不同的命令。在 Windows 中，不需要以 .exe .com .bat 等结尾的文件，在 unix 中，您需要始终写入完整的文件名。

下一个问题，voe执行runStart和runStop，也就是说runStart和runStop不应该在/etc/rc.d目录和好友中，只有voe。将它们移动到已知的文件位置。例如/home/shankar/bin/runStart.sh。然后，当您要执行这两个帮助程序时，您将需要使用完整路径，因为它们的路径不在 $PATH 环境列表中（如果文件位于本地目录中，这也适用，那么您将在像这样执行./runStart.sh之前需要先cd /home/shanker/bin，以确保您在正确的目录中，然后从那里执行。

【讨论】：

根据您的建议，我将startUp.sh 和runDown.sh 移至/home/shankar/bin。我删除了他们在 rc0.d 和其他朋友目录中的相应链接。现在，init.d 目录中只存在voe（不是voe.sh）。在voe 的脚本中，我提供了startUp.sh 和runDown.sh 目录的完整路径。但是，我仍然遇到同样的错误：/etc/init.d/rc: 121: /etc/init.d/rc: /etc/rc2.d/S20voe: not found。我已经更新了上面的所有脚本。您可以参考它们以供参考。
/etc/rc2.d 和朋友里面有一些死链接。更新 voe ，删除 runStart 和 runStop
我删除了rc2.d目录和好友中voe的所有链接。我还使用update-rc.d 再次添加了该服务。 sysv-rc-conf 的输出还向我展示了不同格式级别的 voe。但是boot.log 只说/etc/init.d/rc: 121: /etc/init.d/rc: /etc/rc2.d/S20voe: not found。作为当前目录的rc2.d，我还通过ls -l 检查了S20voe 是否存在。它确实存在着非常浅的绿光。
你能粘贴你的 /etc/init.d/rc 版本吗，我想看看它在第 121 行（以及之前的行）做了什么
对不起，我没听懂。您能告诉我有关 pastebin 的信息吗？