如何在我的 main.py 和 kv 文件中添加条形图？

Question

我想添加一个仅显示在进度屏幕上的条形图。我是 Kivy 和 Python 的新手。我正在使用 matplotlib 作为条形图。我想将 Bar.py 代码集成到我的 main.py 代码和 progress.kv 文件中。我一直不知道如何将它添加到我的 Progress.kv 文件中。

Bar.py

这是我要显示的条形图的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

x = [2,4,6,8,10]
y = [6,7,8,2,4]

x2 = [1,3,5,7,9]
y2 = [7,8,2,4,2]

plt.bar(x,y, label='Bars1', color='blue')
plt.bar(x2,y2, label='Bars2', color='c') 

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Interesting Graph\nCheck It out')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

main.py

我想将条形图代码添加到“进度屏幕”而不是通过。

from kivy.app import App 
#kivy.require("1.10.0")
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen, 
SlideTransition 
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
from kivy.properties import ListProperty
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.uix.label import Label 
from kivy.graphics import *
from kivy.core.window import Window
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout   
from kivy.config import Config 
from kivy.lang import Builder 
import numpy as np 
from math import sin 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from kivy.garden.matplotlib.backend_kivyagg import 
FigureCanvasKivyAgg
import matplotlib
from kivy.garden.matplotlib import FigureCanvasKivyAgg

#Screens created in kv file. Declare all screens for app.    
class Login(Screen):
    pass    
class Connected(Screen):
    pass    
class Patient(Screen):
    pass
class Progress(Screen):
    pass  
class Goals(Screen):
    pass 
class Training(Screen):
    pass
class Range(Screen):
    pass
class Trial(Screen):
    pass
class Symmetry(Screen):
    pass
class Coordination(Screen):
    pass
class Help(Screen):
    pass
class Manager(ScreenManager):
    pass 
class ScreenApp(App):
    def build(self):
        m = Manager(transition=SlideTransition()) 
        return m
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #sets pixels to pixels on Raspberry Pi tablet
    Config.set('graphics', 'fullscreen', '0')
    Config.set('graphics', 'width', '800')
    Config.set('graphics', 'height', '480')
    ScreenApp().run()

进度.kv

我将进度屏幕的所有代码都保存在一个 kv 文件中。我想在这里添加设计和细节，如果没有，那么在 main.py 中。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

<Progress>:
canvas.before:
    Color:
        rgb: 1, 1, 1 
    Rectangle:
        pos: self.pos
        size: self.size
Button:
    text:'Patient Menu'
    font_size: 20
    bold: True
    size_hint: None, None
    size: 300, 50
    pos_hint: {'center_x': .5, 'center_y': .1 }   
    color: 1, 1, 1, 1               
    on_press: root.manager.current = 'Patient' 

Answer 1

kv 文件

1. 将 BoxLayout 小部件实例化为类规则的子级，<Progress>:
2. 将 id: bar 添加到 BoxLayout 小部件，以便我们可以在 Python 代码中引用它。
3. 将 BoxLayout 的 id 连接到 ObjectProperty bar: bar

Kv language » self.ids vs ObjectProperty

注意

self.ids方法虽然很简洁，但一般 被视为使用 ObjectProperty 的“最佳实践”。这创建了一个 直接引用，提供更快的访问并且更明确。

Python 代码

1. 添加导入语句，from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
2. 在Progress() 的类级别添加bar = ObjectProperty(None)
3. 在类Progress()中实现on_pre_enter()方法

Declaration of a Property

要声明属性，您必须在类级别声明它们。这 然后类将完成工作以实例化真实属性 您的对象已创建。这些属性不是属性：它们是 根据您的属性创建事件的机制。

示例

main.py

​​>

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty

from kivy.garden.matplotlib.backend_kivyagg import FigureCanvasKivyAgg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [2,4,6,8,10]
y = [6,7,8,2,4]

x2 = [1,3,5,7,9]
y2 = [7,8,2,4,2]

plt.bar(x,y, label='Bars1', color='blue')
plt.bar(x2,y2, label='Bars2', color='c')

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Interesting Graph\nCheck It out')
plt.legend()


class Patient(Screen):
    pass


class Progress(Screen):
    bar = ObjectProperty(None)

    def on_pre_enter(self, *args):
        self.bar.add_widget(FigureCanvasKivyAgg(plt.gcf()))


class Manager(ScreenManager):
    pass


class ProgressApp(App):
    title = "Kivy Garden Matplolib & plt"

    def build(self):
        return Manager()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ProgressApp().run()

kv 文件-progress.kv

#:kivy 1.11.0
#:import SlideTransition kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition

<Manager>:
    transition: SlideTransition()

    Patient:
        name: 'Patient'

    Progress:
        name: 'Progress'

<Patient>:
    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'

        Label:
            text: 'Patient Screen'
            font_size: '30sp'

        Button:
            size_hint: 1, 0.1
            text: 'Goto Progress Screen'
            on_release:
                root.manager.current = 'Progress'

<Progress>:
    bar: bar

    canvas.before:
        Color:
            rgba: 1, 1, 1, 1
        Rectangle:
            pos: self.pos
            size: self.size

    BoxLayout:
        id: bar

    Button:
        text:'Patient Menu'
        font_size: 20
        bold: True
        size_hint: None, None
        size: 300, 50
        pos_hint: {'center_x': .5, 'center_y': .1 }
        color: 1, 1, 1, 1
        on_press: root.manager.current = 'Patient'

输出

Answer 2

用于条形图的 Progress.kv 文件

#:import MeshLinePlot kivy.garden.graph.MeshLinePlot
#:import get_color_from_hex kivy.utils
<Progress>:
    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'
        padding: [10,20,10,20]
        spacing: 20
    Graph:
            height:1000
            width:1000
            id: graph_test
            xlabel:'Algorithms'
            ylabel:'Accuracy'
            x_ticks_minor:5
            x_tics_major:25
            y_ticks_major:1
            y_grid_label:True
            x_grid_label:True
            padding:5
            x_grid:True
            y_grid:True
            xmin:-0
            xmax:3
            ymin:0
            ymax:100
            pos: 0, root.height
            size: root.width, root.height 

用于进度的 Python 代码

import itertools

from kivy.app import App

from kivy.utils import get_color_from_hex as rgb

from kivy.uix.screenmanager import Screen, SlideTransition

from kivy.properties import StringProperty,ObjectProperty

from math import sin

from kivy.garden.graph import Graph, MeshLinePlot, BarPlot

colors = itertools.cycle([rgb('7dac9f'), rgb('dc7062'), rgb('66a8d4'), rgb('e5b060')])

class Progress(Screen):

    def assign(self):

        super(Progress,self).__init__()

        self.sensorEnabled = True
        self.graph= self.ids.graph_test

        self.plot = []
        self.plot.append(BarPlot(color=next(colors),bar_spacing=.72))  #x - Red
        self.plot.append(BarPlot(color=next(colors),bar_spacing=.72))  # Y - Green
        self.plot.append(BarPlot(color=next(colors),bar_spacing=.72))  # Z - Blue

        self.reset_plots(self.graph)

        for plot in self.plot:
            self.graph.add_plot(plot)

    def reset_plots(self,graph):
        for plot in self.plot:
            plot.bind_to_graph(graph)
            plot.points = []

        self.counter = 1