【问题标题】:Getting the user's location in Android when the phone is locked手机锁定时获取用户在 Android 中的位置
【发布时间】:2017-02-17 17:49:35
【问题描述】:

我正在寻找一种解决方案,以在 Android API 17 (Android 4.2) 的特定时间间隔内以及手机锁定时获取用户的位置。

我已经尝试了一些不同的代码,查看了很多教程并在网络上几乎所有地方进行了搜索。解决方案可能就在那里,但我认为这是由于缺乏 Android 开发和解释不同的正确解决方案和方法的经验。

起初我有一些非常基本的代码,当屏幕打开时运行良好。即使在后台,位置也会更新(我可以通过带有经度和纬度的 Toast 消息进行检查)。 我使用了一个处理程序:

    public void locationRunnable() {
    final Handler locationHandler = new Handler();
    final int distanceDelay = 5000; // milliseconds

    locationHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable(){
        public void run() {
            // code
            mMap.clear();

            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // TODO: Consider calling
                //    ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
                // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
                //   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
                //                                          int[] grantResults)
                // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
                // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
                return;
            }

            mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
            mMap.setBuildingsEnabled(true);
            mMap.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);

            LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
            Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
            String provider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);

            myLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);

            if (myLocation != null) {
                latitudeCurrentPosition = myLocation.getLatitude();
                longitudeCurrentPosition = myLocation.getLongitude();
            }

            currentPattern = shortTest;
            Notification.Builder notificationBuilderChecking = new Notification.Builder(this)
                    .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                    .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
                    .setContentTitle("Test app")
                    .setAutoCancel(true)
                    .setOnlyAlertOnce(false)
                    .setContentText("Getting location!")
                    .setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_MAX)
                    .setLights(0xffffffff, 200, 200)
                    .setVibrate(currentPattern);

            Notification notification2 = notificationBuilderChecking.build();

            NotificationManager notificationMngr2 = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
            notificationMngr2.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification2);

            locationHandler.postDelayed(this, distanceDelay);
        }

    }, distanceDelay);

}

这只是一个sn-p,目的是在后台,当屏幕被锁定时,这将每10秒循环一次。它确实如此。即使手机被锁定,但也只有大约 3 次。 3 次后,定时器开始计时,手机振动频率降低(打盹功能妨碍了?)。 此外,手机会振动,但位置不会更新。当我在前台使用应用程序解锁手机时,位置仍然在我锁定手机时的位置。一段时间(10 秒)后,它会更新。我使用地图上的标记进行检查。

再说一遍:手机解锁时可以使用。

现在我正在尝试使用服务、服务(意图服务)或广播接收器,并启动一个新线程,但我不知道如何并且没有任何工作。

我最近的一些代码包含一个无法正常工作的广播接收器,而最近的代码包含一个 AlarmManager:

    public void getLocation(Context context) {

    AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
    Intent intent = new Intent(context, AlarmIntent.class);
    PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, intent, 0);
    //After after 30 seconds
    am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, System.currentTimeMillis(), 10000, pi);


    context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

    mMap.clear();

    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
    mMap.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);

    LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
    Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
    String provider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);

    myLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);

    latitudeCurrentPosition = myLocation.getLatitude();
    longitudeCurrentPosition = myLocation.getLongitude();

    LatLng latLngCurrent = new LatLng(latitudeCurrentPosition, longitudeCurrentPosition);

    mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLng(latLngCurrent));
    mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomTo(distZoom));

    currentPattern = shortTest;
    showNotification(context);

    mHereIAm = mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions()
            .position(new LatLng(latitudeCurrentPosition, longitudeCurrentPosition))
            .title(weAreHere)
            .draggable(false)
            .icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                    .fromResource(R.drawable.marker_iconv3)));
    mHereIAm.setTag(0);
    mHereIAm.showInfoWindow();
}

AndroidManifest 权限:

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM" />

但是在 10000 长时,Android Studio 告诉我“从 Android 5.1 开始,值将被强制增加到 60000;不要依赖这个来准确......”等等。所以 AlarmManager 没有用任何一个。 使用最后一个代码,我的应用程序甚至不再运行。

但仍然:振动和其他东西仍然会发生,但位置更新不会。

简而言之: 我需要一些基本的(至少,我认为它不会那么困难,因为唯一的问题是它在屏幕锁定时不起作用)代码,它可以在某个可变的时间间隔内更新我的位置。

也许我必须使用 Handler/Runnable、启动新线程、使用服务或广播接收器。也许 AlarmManager 也可以工作,但我不知道如何使用以及使用哪个。

这是我的第一篇文章。如果有什么遗漏或者你们需要更多信息,请询问。我试图尽可能精确,而不需要太多开销。

编辑 01 我可以使用工作服务这样做吗? - 我已将 API 更新为 21,因此我可以使用此服务,但我不知道这是否是我正在寻找的正确解决方案?有一些很棒的教程来使用它。

编辑 02 让我用更少的开销更清楚:我正在寻找一种解决方案来在设备被锁定时获取用户的当前位置:使用 API、服务、IntentService、BroadcastReceiver,...... - 每个教程都告诉我一些不同的东西,即使在 Stack Overflow,我也很难找到正确的解决方案。 我能够使用服务和意图服务,但由于一些错误,我无法请求任何位置更新,例如: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.name.name/com.name.name.MapsActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap.setMyLocationEnabled(b‌​oolean)' on a null object reference - 为这个错误寻找解决方案,后来又给了我另一个错误,然后,等等……我让自己陷入了错误循环和许多不必要的代码。

我希望有一个简单的方法来获取用户的位置,你们可以帮助我。再次感谢。

编辑 03 我已按照this tutorial 上的说明进行操作,并且正在检查位置。见以下代码:

public class LocationService extends Service implements LocationListener {

private final Context mContext;

// flag for GPS status
boolean isGPSEnabled = false;

// flag for network status
boolean isNetworkEnabled = false;

// flag for GPS status
boolean canGetLocation = false;

Location location; // location
double latitude; // latitude
double longitude; // longitude

// The minimum distance to change Updates in meters
private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 10; // 10 meters

// The minimum time between updates in milliseconds
private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 1000 * 60 * 1; // 1 minute

// Declaring a Location Manager
protected LocationManager locationManager;

public LocationService(Context context) {
    this.mContext = context;
    getLocation();
}

public Location getLocation() {
    try {
        locationManager = (LocationManager) mContext
                .getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);

        // getting GPS status
        isGPSEnabled = locationManager
                .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

        // getting network status
        //isNetworkEnabled = locationManager
        //        .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

        if (!isGPSEnabled && !isNetworkEnabled) {
            // no network provider is enabled
        } else {
            this.canGetLocation = true;
            // First get location from Network Provider
            if (isNetworkEnabled) {
                locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                        LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
                        MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                        MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);
                Log.d("Network", "Network");
                if (locationManager != null) {
                    location = locationManager
                            .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
                    if (location != null) {
                        latitude = location.getLatitude();
                        longitude = location.getLongitude();
                    }
                }
            }
            // if GPS Enabled get lat/long using GPS Services
            if (isGPSEnabled) {
                if (location == null) {
                    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                            LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,
                            MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                            MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);
                    Log.d("GPS Enabled", "GPS Enabled");
                    if (locationManager != null) {
                        location = locationManager
                                .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
                        if (location != null) {
                            latitude = location.getLatitude();
                            longitude = location.getLongitude();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return location;
}

/**
 * Stop using GPS listener
 * Calling this function will stop using GPS in your app
 * */
public void stopUsingGPS(){
    if(locationManager != null){
        locationManager.removeUpdates(LocationService.this);
    }
}

/**
 * Function to get latitude
 * */
public double getLatitude(){
    if(location != null){
        latitude = location.getLatitude();
    }

    // return latitude
    return latitude;
}

/**
 * Function to get longitude
 * */
public double getLongitude(){
    if(location != null){
        longitude = location.getLongitude();
    }

    // return longitude
    return longitude;
}

/**
 * Function to check GPS/wifi enabled
 * @return boolean
 * */
public boolean canGetLocation() {
    return this.canGetLocation;
}

/**
 * Function to show settings alert dialog
 * On pressing Settings button will lauch Settings Options
 * */
public void showSettingsAlert(){
    AlertDialog.Builder alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

    // Setting Dialog Title
    alertDialog.setTitle("GPS is settings");

    // Setting Dialog Message
    alertDialog.setMessage("GPS is not enabled. Do you want to go to settings menu?");

    // On pressing Settings button
    alertDialog.setPositiveButton("Settings", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
            mContext.startActivity(intent);
        }
    });

    // on pressing cancel button
    alertDialog.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            dialog.cancel();
        }
    });

    // Showing Alert Message
    alertDialog.show();
}

@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
}

@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}

@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
}

@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
}

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
    return null;
}

}

我已禁用网络定位,只允许 GPS 定位进行测试 - 两者都进行了测试。

还有我的 MapsActivity:

    public void getLocation(){
    gps = new LocationService(MapsActivity.this);
    if(gps.canGetLocation()) { // gps enabled} // return boolean true/false
        latitudeCurrentPosition = gps.getLatitude(); // returns latitude
        longitudeCurrentPosition = gps.getLongitude(); // returns longitude

        latLngCurrent = new LatLng(latitudeCurrentPosition, longitudeCurrentPosition);

        Toast toastLatCur = makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Lat Current: " + latitudeCurrentPosition + "" ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        toastLatCur.show();

        Toast toastLongCur = makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Long Current: " + longitudeCurrentPosition + "" ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        toastLongCur.show();
    }

    else {
        gps.showSettingsAlert();
    }

    if(goToLocation){
        mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLng(latLngCurrent));
        goToLocation = false;

        if(firstStart){
            mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomTo(distZoom));
            firstStart = false;
        }
    }

    vibrateNotification();
}

当屏幕锁定时,手机会振动,正如我在vibrateNotificatoin() 中所说的那样 - 每 10 秒完美运行一次。但是位置没有更新!所以服务不是解决这个问题的正确方法。救命!

【问题讨论】:

    标签: java android android-intent location broadcastreceiver


    【解决方案1】:

    您应该使用服务来执行即使在应用程序没有运行时也需要完成的任务。试一试。

    【讨论】:

    • IntentService 还是常规服务? IntentService 给了我:java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.name.name/com.name.name.MapsActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap.setMyLocationEnabled(boolean)' on a null object reference
    • @k.schaaf 试试普通的。
    • 我如何在服务和主要(地图)活动之间发送数据?现在我正在尝试使用 SharedPreference,但效果不是很好。
    • 请检查我的最新更新:使用服务不起作用。
    • @k.schaaf 服务是 android 中的一个大概念。首先学习它,然后单独应用它,然后尝试在您的项目中使用它。
    【解决方案2】:

    所以,我遵循了一些教程并搜索并尝试了更多以找出解决方案:

    1. 创建一个新服务:
    package com.name.name;
    
    
    import android.app.AlertDialog;
    import android.app.Notification;
    import android.app.NotificationManager;
    import android.app.Service;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.DialogInterface;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
    import android.location.Location;
    import android.location.LocationListener;
    import android.location.LocationManager;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.provider.Settings;
    import android.util.Log;
    
    import static com.name.name.MapsActivity.NOTIFICATION_ID;
    
    public class LocationService extends Service implements LocationListener {
    
        private final Context mContext;
    
        // flag for GPS status
        boolean isGPSEnabled = false;
    
        // flag for network status
        boolean isNetworkEnabled = false;
    
        // flag for GPS status
        boolean canGetLocation = false;
    
        Location location; // location
        double latitude; // latitude
        double longitude; // longitude
    
        // The minimum distance to change Updates in meters
        private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 10; // 10 meters
    
        // The minimum time between updates in milliseconds
        private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 1000 * 60 * 1; // 1 minute
    
        // Declaring a Location Manager
        protected LocationManager locationManager;
    
        public LocationService(Context context) {
            this.mContext = context;
            getLocation();
        }
    
        public Location getLocation() {
            try {
                locationManager = (LocationManager) mContext
                        .getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
    
                // getting GPS status
                isGPSEnabled = locationManager
                        .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
    
                // getting network status
                isNetworkEnabled = locationManager
                        .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
    
                if (!isGPSEnabled && !isNetworkEnabled) {
                    // no network provider is enabled
                } else {
                    this.canGetLocation = true;
                    // First get location from Network Provider
                    if (isNetworkEnabled) {
                        locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                                LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
                                MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                                MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);
                        Log.d("Network", "Network");
                        if (locationManager != null) {
                            location = locationManager
                                    .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
                            if (location != null) {
                                latitude = location.getLatitude();
                                longitude = location.getLongitude();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // if GPS Enabled get lat/long using GPS Services
                    if (isGPSEnabled) {
                        if (location == null) {
                            locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                                    LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,
                                    MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
                                    MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);
                            Log.d("GPS Enabled", "GPS Enabled");
                            if (locationManager != null) {
                                location = locationManager
                                        .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
                                if (location != null) {
                                    latitude = location.getLatitude();
                                    longitude = location.getLongitude();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            return location;
        }
    
        /**
         * Stop using GPS listener
         * Calling this function will stop using GPS in your app
         * */
        public void stopUsingGPS(){
            if(locationManager != null){
                locationManager.removeUpdates(LocationService.this);
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * Function to get latitude
         * */
        public double getLatitude(){
            if(location != null){
                latitude = location.getLatitude();
            }
    
            // return latitude
            return latitude;
        }
    
        /**
         * Function to get longitude
         * */
        public double getLongitude(){
            if(location != null){
                longitude = location.getLongitude();
            }
    
            // return longitude
            return longitude;
        }
    
        /**
         * Function to check GPS/wifi enabled
         * @return boolean
         * */
        public boolean canGetLocation() {
            return this.canGetLocation;
        }
    
        /**
         * Function to show settings alert dialog
         * On pressing Settings button will lauch Settings Options
         * */
        public void showSettingsAlert(){
            AlertDialog.Builder alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
    
            // Setting Dialog Title
            alertDialog.setTitle("GPS is settings");
    
            // Setting Dialog Message
            alertDialog.setMessage("GPS is not enabled. Do you want to go to settings menu?");
    
            // On pressing Settings button
            alertDialog.setPositiveButton("Settings", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which) {
                    Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
                    mContext.startActivity(intent);
                }
            });
    
            // on pressing cancel button
            alertDialog.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    dialog.cancel();
                }
            });
    
            // Showing Alert Message
            alertDialog.show();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
            return null;
        }
    
    }
    
    1. 每次需要时运行此服务,使用 Handler 和 Runnable 并使用 Wakelock:
      • 在 OnCreate 中:
        PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) getSystemService(POWER_SERVICE);
        wakeLock = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
                "MyWakelockTag");
    
    • 使用从 LocationService 获取的数据进行处理。
    • 在您需要数据时启动此功能并使用它进行操作:

    public void startDoingStuffWithLocationData(){

                    final Runnable runnable= new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            // do stuff here
                            getLocation();
                            }
    
                            else {
                                handler.postDelayed(this, 10000);
                            }
                        }
                    };
                    runnable.run();
                }
        }
    
    • 从服务中获取数据:

    public void getLocation(){

        wakeLock.acquire();
    
        gps = new LocationService(MapsActivity.this);
        if(gps.canGetLocation()) { // gps enabled} // return boolean true/false
            latitudeCurrentPosition = gps.getLatitude(); // returns latitude
            longitudeCurrentPosition = gps.getLongitude(); // returns longitude
    
            latLngCurrent = new LatLng(latitudeCurrentPosition, longitudeCurrentPosition);
        }
    
        else {
            gps.showSettingsAlert();
        }
    
        wakeLock.release();
    }
    

    请务必使用 release() 函数结束唤醒锁以节省电量。

    【讨论】:

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