以编程方式列出 Windows 10 中所有支持的语言环境

Question

Windows 10 支持自定义区域设置，即没有 LCID 的区域设置，例如旧版本 Windows 中的旧区域设置。在 Windows 10 的每次更新中，Microsoft 一直在为少数民族和土著语言添加较少使用的语言环境。

最近对 Windows 10 的更新添加了 Võro kiil (vro) 区域设置。当使用EnumSystemLocalesEx 枚举所有支持的语言环境时，vro 不会以任何形式出现。但是，在用于添加新语言或键盘的系统设置 UI 中，确实会出现 Võro kiil。

但是，如果用户随后启用此语言，则当您调用 EnumSystemLocalesEx、vro、vro-Latn 和 vro-Latn-001 时，现在会列出。如果用户随后从 UI 中删除此区域设置，则它不再出现在此函数调用的结果中。

问题：有没有办法（是否支持）获取操作系统所有已知语言环境的列表，无论用户是否启用它们？

我觉得非常奇怪的是，此输出包含其他少数民族语言，如 Skolt Sami，而无需用户提前启用。

如果 C/C++ API 中不存在该 API，我将非常乐意接受使用 .NET 框架的答案，只要我能真正获得这些数据。

---

生成语言环境输出的示例代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "windows.h"

BOOL CALLBACK Callback(LPWSTR pStr, DWORD dwFlags, LPARAM lparam)
{
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", pStr);
    return TRUE;
}

int main()
{
    EnumSystemLocalesEx(Callback, 0, 0, 0);
    return 0;
}

从系统设置中的“区域和语言”屏幕启用 Võro kiil 后，最后三个结果是 vro-Latn、vro-Latn-001 和 vro。未启用时，它们根本不会出现在输出中。

---

使用 .NET API 似乎具有相同的行为。

#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Globalization;
int main()
{
    System::Collections::IEnumerator^ enum0 = CultureInfo::GetCultures(CultureTypes::AllCultures)->GetEnumerator();
    while (enum0->MoveNext())
    {
        CultureInfo^ ci = safe_cast<CultureInfo^>(enum0->Current);
        Console::WriteLine("{0}", ci->Name);
    }
}

Answer 1

实际上，Windows 的新语言模型意味着除了具有历史 LCID 的那些之外没有“列表”。

Windows 8.1 和 10 设置工具链接到 bcp47langs.dll 和 winlangdb.dll，只要提供的输入是有效的 ISO 639-3 语言代码，它们就提供启用语言和输入法的功能。

在某些情况下，如果您希望您的语言出现在 UI 中或通过这些 API 显示，您必须至少提供脚本，有时还必须提供地区。 Erzya 语言的 myv-Cyrl 就是一个例子。

使用这些 API

在与 PowerShell 捆绑的 cmdlet 上使用 MSIL 反汇编程序，我发现了一个 p/invoke 定义，它使我能够成功地从 C# 和 Rust 代码中使用这些 API。

在这里，为了后代：

// Decompiled with JetBrains decompiler
// Type: Microsoft.InternationalSettings.Commands.LPAPIWrapper
// Assembly: Microsoft.InternationalSettings.Commands, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35
// MVID: E0B49792-544F-4FBD-8C35-D4DA177385AF
// Assembly location: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.InternationalSettings.Commands\v4.0_3.0.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35\Microsoft.InternationalSettings.Commands.dll

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

namespace Microsoft.InternationalSettings.Commands
{
  internal class LPAPIWrapper
  {
    public static uint GEO_NATION = 1;
    public static uint GEO_FRIENDLYNAME = 8;
    public static uint GEOCLASS_NATION = 16;
    public static uint GEOCLASS_REGION = 14;

    [DllImport("kernelbase.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int NlsUpdateLocale(string LocaleName, int Flags);

    [DllImport("intl.cpl", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int IntlUpdateSystemLocale(string LocaleName, int dwFlags);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SystemParametersInfo(
      uint Action,
      uint UnsignedParam,
      IntPtr Param,
      uint WinIni);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SendNotifyMessage(
      IntPtr wWwnd,
      uint Msg,
      IntPtr wParam,
      string lParam);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetSystemDefaultLocaleName(
      StringBuilder LocaleName,
      int LocaleNameSize);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetUserGeoID(uint GeoClass);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetUserGeoID(int GeoId);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetGeoInfo(
      int Location,
      uint GeoType,
      StringBuilder GeoData,
      int Length,
      ushort LangID);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetUserLanguages(char Delimiter, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string UserLanguages);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetUserLanguageInputMethods(
      string Language,
      char Delimiter,
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string InputMethods);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int LcidFromBcp47([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string LanguageTag, ref int Lcid);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetPendingUserDisplayLanguage([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string language);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetUserDisplayLanguageOverride([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string language);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetUserDisplayLanguageOverride(string LanguageTag);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int ClearUserDisplayLanguageOverride();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetHttpAcceptLanguageOptOut(ref bool IsOptOut);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetHttpAcceptLanguageOptOut();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int ClearHttpAcceptLanguageOptOut();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetUserLocaleFromLanguageProfileOptOut(ref bool IsOptOut);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetUserLocaleFromLanguageProfileOptOut();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int ClearUserLocaleFromLanguageProfileOptOut();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int RemoveInputsForAllLanguagesInternal();

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetInputMethodOverride(string TipString);

    [DllImport("bcp47langs.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int Bcp47GetIsoLanguageCode([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string languageTag, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string isoLanguageCode);

    [DllImport("ext-ms-win-globalization-input-l1-1-2.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int WGIGetDefaultInputMethodForLanguage(
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string Language,
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string DefaultTipString);

    [DllImport("ext-ms-win-globalization-input-l1-1-2.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int WGITransformInputMethodsForLanguage(
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string TipString,
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string Language,
      [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] ref string TransformedTipString);

    [DllImport("winlangdb.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetUserLanguages(char Delimiter, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string UserLanguages);

    [DllImport("winlangdb.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetLanguageNames(
      string Language,
      StringBuilder Autonym,
      StringBuilder EnglishName,
      StringBuilder LocalName,
      StringBuilder ScriptName);

    [DllImport("ext-ms-win-globalization-input-l1-1-2.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int WGIIsImeInputMethod([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.HString)] string TipString, ref int result);

    [DllImport("winlangdb.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int EnsureLanguageProfileExists();

    [DllImport("input.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int InstallLayoutOrTip(string TipString, int Flags);

    [DllImport("input.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int SetDefaultLayoutOrTip(string TipString, int Flags);

    [DllImport("input.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern int GetLayoutDescription(
      string LayoutId,
      StringBuilder LayoutDescription,
      ref int DescriptionLength);

    private LPAPIWrapper()
    {
    }
  }
}