基于 XPath 创建 XML 节点？

Question

有没有人知道从 XPath 表达式以编程方式创建 XML 层次结构的现有方法？

例如，如果我有一个 XML 片段，例如：

<feed>
    <entry>
        <data></data>
        <content></content>
    </entry>
</feed>

鉴于 XPath 表达式 /feed/entry/content/@source 我会：

<feed>
    <entry>
        <data></data>
        <content @source=""></content>
    </entry>
</feed>

我意识到使用 XSLT 可以做到这一点，但由于我试图完成固定转换的动态性质，这将无法工作。

我正在使用 C#，但如果有人有使用其他语言的解决方案，请加入。

感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

在您展示的示例中，唯一要创建的是属性...

XmlElement element = (XmlElement)doc.SelectSingleNode("/feed/entry/content");
if (element != null)
    element.SetAttribute("source", "");

如果您真正想要的是能够创建不存在的层次结构，那么您可以使用自己的简单 xpath 解析器。我不知道将属性保留在 xpath 中。我宁愿将节点转换为元素并添加 .SetAttribute ，就像我在这里所做的那样：

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
    return makeXPath(doc, doc as XmlNode, xpath);
}

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, XmlNode parent, string xpath)
{
    // grab the next node name in the xpath; or return parent if empty
    string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Trim('/').Split('/');
    string nextNodeInXPath = partsOfXPath.First();
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nextNodeInXPath))
        return parent;

    // get or create the node from the name
    XmlNode node = parent.SelectSingleNode(nextNodeInXPath);
    if (node == null)
        node = parent.AppendChild(doc.CreateElement(nextNodeInXPath));

    // rejoin the remainder of the array as an xpath expression and recurse
    string rest = String.Join("/", partsOfXPath.Skip(1).ToArray());
    return makeXPath(doc, node, rest);
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
    doc.LoadXml("<feed />");

    makeXPath(doc, "/feed/entry/data");
    XmlElement contentElement = (XmlElement)makeXPath(doc, "/feed/entry/content");
    contentElement.SetAttribute("source", "");

    Console.WriteLine(doc.OuterXml);
}

Answer 2

这是我的快速技巧，只要您使用像 /configuration/appSettings/add[@key='name']/@value 这样的格式，它也可以创建属性。

static XmlNode createXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
  XmlNode node=doc;
  foreach (string part in xpath.Substring(1).Split('/'))
  {
    XmlNodeList nodes=node.SelectNodes(part);
    if (nodes.Count>1) throw new ComponentException("Xpath '"+xpath+"' was not found multiple times!");
    else if (nodes.Count==1) { node=nodes[0]; continue; }

    if (part.StartsWith("@"))
    {
      var anode=doc.CreateAttribute(part.Substring(1));
      node.Attributes.Append(anode);
      node=anode;
    }
    else
    {
      string elName, attrib=null;
      if (part.Contains("["))
      {
        part.SplitOnce("[", out elName, out attrib);
        if (!attrib.EndsWith("]")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath (missing ]): "+part);
        attrib=attrib.Substring(0, attrib.Length-1);
      }
      else elName=part;

      XmlNode next=doc.CreateElement(elName);
      node.AppendChild(next);
      node=next;

      if (attrib!=null)
      {
        if (!attrib.StartsWith("@")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath attrib (missing @): "+part);
        string name, value;
        attrib.Substring(1).SplitOnce("='", out name, out value);
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) || !value.EndsWith("'")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath attrib: "+part);
        value=value.Substring(0, value.Length-1);
        var anode=doc.CreateAttribute(name);
        anode.Value=value;
        node.Attributes.Append(anode);
      }
    }
  }
  return node;
}

SplitOnce 是一种扩展方法：

public static void SplitOnce(this string value, string separator, out string part1, out string part2)
{
  if (value!=null)
  {
    int idx=value.IndexOf(separator);
    if (idx>=0)
    {
      part1=value.Substring(0, idx);
      part2=value.Substring(idx+separator.Length);
    }
    else
    {
      part1=value;
      part2=null;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    part1="";
    part2=null;
  }
}

示例：

public static void Set(XmlDocument doc, string xpath, string value)
{
  if (doc==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("doc");
  if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath)) throw new ArgumentNullException("xpath");

  XmlNodeList nodes=doc.SelectNodes(xpath);
  if (nodes.Count>1) throw new ComponentException("Xpath '"+xpath+"' was not found multiple times!");
  else if (nodes.Count==0) createXPath(doc, xpath).InnerText=value;
  else nodes[0].InnerText=value;
}

例如

Set(doc, "/configuration/appSettings/add[@key='Server']/@value", "foobar");

Answer 3

这个想法的一个问题是 xpath 会“破坏”信息。

有无数的 xml 树可以匹配许多 xpath。现在在某些情况下，就像您给出的示例一样，有一个明显的最小 xml 树与您的 xpath 匹配，其中您有一个使用“=”的谓词。

但是，例如，如果谓词使用不等于或任何其他除等于以外的算术运算符，则存在无限多的可能性。您可以尝试选择一个“规范”的 xml 树，例如，它需要最少的位来表示。

假设你有 xpath /feed/entry/content[@source > 0]。现在，任何具有适当结构的 xml 树，其中节点内容具有值大于 0 的属性源都将匹配，但有无限数量的大于零的数字。通过选择“最小”值，大概是 1，您可以尝试规范化您的 xml。

Xpath 谓词可以包含相当任意的算术表达式，因此解决这个问题的通用解决方案非常困难，如果不是不可能的话。你可以想象那里有一个巨大的方程，它必须逆向求解才能得出与方程匹配的值；但是由于匹配值的数量可能是无限的（只要它确实是不等式而不是方程），因此需要找到一个规范的解决方案。

许多其他形式的表达也会破坏信息。例如，像“或”这样的运算符总是会破坏信息。如果知道(X or Y) == 1，就不知道X是1，Y是1，还是两者都是1；你肯定知道其中一个是1！因此，如果您有一个使用 OR 的表达式，您无法判断作为 OR 输入的哪些节点或值应该为 1（您可以做出任意选择并将两者都设置为 1，因为这肯定会满足表达式，正如其中只有一个是 1) 的两种选择。

现在假设 xpath 中有几个表达式引用同一组值。然后，您最终会得到一个几乎不可能求解的联立方程或不等式系统。同样，如果将允许的 xpath 限制为其全部功能的一小部分，则可以解决此问题。但是，我怀疑完全一般的情况类似于图灵停止问题。在这种情况下，给定一个任意程序（xpath），找出一组与程序匹配的一致数据，并且在某种意义上是最小的。

Answer 4

这是我的版本。希望这也会对某人有所帮助。

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
        XmlNode rootNode = GenerateXPathXmlElements(doc, "/RootNode/FirstChild/SecondChild/ThirdChild");

        Console.Write(rootNode.OuterXml);

    }

    private static XmlDocument GenerateXPathXmlElements(XmlDocument xmlDocument, string xpath)
    {
        XmlNode parentNode = xmlDocument;

        if (xmlDocument != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath))
        {
            string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Split('/');


            string xPathSoFar = string.Empty;

            foreach (string xPathElement in partsOfXPath)
            {
                if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(xPathElement))
                    continue;

                xPathSoFar += "/" + xPathElement.Trim();

                XmlNode childNode = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(xPathSoFar);
                if(childNode == null)
                {
                    childNode = xmlDocument.CreateElement(xPathElement);
                }

                parentNode.AppendChild(childNode);

                parentNode = childNode;
            }
        }

        return xmlDocument;
    }

Answer 5

Mark Miller's Java solution的C#版本

    /// <summary>
    /// Makes the X path. Use a format like //configuration/appSettings/add[@key='name']/@value
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="doc">The doc.</param>
    /// <param name="xpath">The xpath.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static XmlNode createNodeFromXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
    {
        // Create a new Regex object
        Regex r = new Regex(@"/+([\w]+)(\[@([\w]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([\w]+)");

        // Find matches
        Match m = r.Match(xpath);

        XmlNode currentNode = doc.FirstChild;
        StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();

        while (m.Success)
        {
            String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
            String elementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
            String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
            String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
            String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

            StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
            String relativePath = builder.ToString();
            XmlNode newNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(relativePath);

            if (newNode == null)
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
                {
                    ((XmlElement)currentNode).SetAttribute(attributeName, "");
                    newNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(relativePath);
                }
                else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
                {
                    XmlElement element = doc.CreateElement(elementName);
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                    {
                        element.SetAttribute(filterName, filterValue);
                    }

                    currentNode.AppendChild(element);
                    newNode = element;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
                }
            }

            currentNode = newNode;

            m = m.NextMatch();
        }

        // Assure that the node is found or created
        if (doc.SelectSingleNode(xpath) == null)
        {
            throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
        }

        return currentNode;
    }

Answer 6

我需要一个 XNode 而不是 XmlNode 实现，而 RegEx 对我不起作用（因为带有 . 或 - 的元素名称不起作用）

所以这对我有用：

public static XNode createNodeFromXPath(XElement elem, string xpath)
{
    // Create a new Regex object
    Regex r = new Regex(@"/*([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)(\[@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)");

    xpath = xpath.Replace("\"", "'");
    // Find matches
    Match m = r.Match(xpath);

    XNode currentNode = elem;
    StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();

    while (m.Success)
    {
        String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
        String elementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
        String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
        String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
        String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

        StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
        String relativePath = builder.ToString();
        XNode newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathSelectElement(relativePath);

        if (newNode == null)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
            {
                ((XElement)currentNode).Attribute(attributeName).Value = "";
                newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathEvaluate(relativePath);
            }
            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
            {
                XElement newElem = new XElement(elementName);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                {
                    newElem.Add(new XAttribute(filterName, filterValue));
                }

                ((XElement)currentNode).Add(newElem);
                newNode = newElem;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
            }
        }

        currentNode = newNode;
        m = m.NextMatch();
    }

    // Assure that the node is found or created
    if (elem.XPathEvaluate(xpath) == null)
    {
        throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
    }

    return currentNode;
}

Answer 7

• 对于 XDocument
• 支持属性创建

使用

var xDoc = new XDocument(new XElement("root",
                        new XElement("child1"),
                        new XElement("child2")));

CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child3");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]/subchild1");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]/subchild1/subchild[@name='jon']");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child1");

定义

public static XDocument CreateElement(XDocument document, string xpath)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath))
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Xpath must not be empty");

    var xNodes = Regex.Matches(xpath, @"\/[^\/]+").Cast<Match>().Select(it => it.Value).ToList();
    if (!xNodes.Any())
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid xPath");

    var parent = document.Root;
    var currentNodeXPath = "";
    foreach (var xNode in xNodes)
    {
        currentNodeXPath += xNode;
        var nodeName = Regex.Match(xNode, @"(?<=\/)[^\[]+").Value;
        var existingNode = parent.XPathSelectElement(currentNodeXPath);
        if (existingNode != null)
        {
            parent = existingNode;
            continue;
        }

        var attributeNames =
          Regex.Matches(xNode, @"(?<=@)([^=]+)\=([^]]+)")
                .Cast<Match>()
                .Select(it =>
                {
                    var groups = it.Groups.Cast<Group>().ToList();
                    return new { AttributeName = groups[1].Value, AttributeValue = groups[2].Value };
                });

        parent.Add(new XElement(nodeName, attributeNames.Select(it => new XAttribute(it.AttributeName, it.AttributeValue)).ToArray()));
        parent = parent.Descendants().Last();
    }
    return document;
}

Answer 8

这是 Christian Peeters' solution 的改进版本，支持 xpath 表达式中的命名空间。

public static XNode CreateNodeFromXPath(XElement elem, string xpath)
{
    // Create a new Regex object
    Regex r = new Regex(@"/*([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\:]+)(\[@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)");

    xpath = xpath.Replace("\"", "'");
    // Find matches
    Match m = r.Match(xpath);

    XNode currentNode = elem;
    StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();
    XPathNavigator XNav = elem.CreateNavigator();

    while (m.Success)
    {
        String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/ns:configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
        String NamespaceAndElementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "ns:configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
        String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
        String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
        String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

        XNamespace nspace = "";
        string elementName;
        int p = NamespaceAndElementName.IndexOf(':');
        if (p >= 0)
        {
            string ns = NamespaceAndElementName.Substring(0, p);
            elementName = NamespaceAndElementName.Substring(p + 1);
            nspace = XNav.GetNamespace(ns);
        }
        else
            elementName = NamespaceAndElementName;


        StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
        String relativePath = builder.ToString();
        XNode newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathSelectElement(relativePath, XNav);

        if (newNode == null)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
            {
                ((XElement)currentNode).Attribute(attributeName).Value = "";
                newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathEvaluate(relativePath, XNav);
            }
            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
            {
                XElement newElem = new XElement(nspace + elementName);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                {
                    newElem.Add(new XAttribute(filterName, filterValue));
                }

                ((XElement)currentNode).Add(newElem);
                newNode = newElem;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
            }
        }

        currentNode = newNode;
        m = m.NextMatch();
    }

    // Assure that the node is found or created
    if (elem.XPathEvaluate(xpath, XNav) == null)
    {
        throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
    }

    return currentNode;
}

Answer 9

如果 XPath 字符串从后到前处理，则更容易处理无根 XPath，例如。 //a/b/c... 应该也支持 Gordon 的 XPath 语法，虽然我没试过...

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
    string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Split('/');
    XmlNode node = null;
    for (int xpathPos = partsOfXPath.Length; xpathPos > 0; xpathPos--)
    {
        string subXpath = string.Join("/", partsOfXPath, 0, xpathPos);
        node = doc.SelectSingleNode(subXpath);
        if (node != null)
        {
            // append new descendants
            for (int newXpathPos = xpathPos; newXpathPos < partsOfXPath.Length; newXpathPos++)
            {
                node = node.AppendChild(doc.CreateElement(partsOfXPath[newXpathPos]));
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    return node;
}

Answer 10

这是一个基于Mark Miller's code的增强正则表达式

/([\w]+)(?:(?:[\[])(@|)([\w]+)(?:([!=<>]+)(?:(?:(?:')([^']+)(?:'))|([^']+))|)(?:[]])|)|([.]+))

Group 1: Node name
Group 2: @ (or Empty, for non attributes)
Group 3: Attribute Key
Group 4: Attribute Value (if string)
Group 5: Attribute Value (if number)
Group 6: .. (dots, one or more)

Answer 11

我知道这是一个非常古老的线程......但我一直在尝试同样的事情并想出了以下不完美但我发现更通用的正则表达式

/+([\w]+)(\[@([\w]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([\w]+)

字符串 /configuration/appSettings/add[@key='name']/@value

应该被解析为

找到 14 个匹配项：

开始=0，结束=14 组（0）= /配置 组 (1) = 配置 组（2）=空 组（3）=空 组（4）=空 组（5）=空

开始=14，结束=26 组 (0) = /appSettings 组 (1) = appSettings 组（2）=空 组（3）=空 组（4）=空 组（5）=空

开始=26，结束=43 Group(0) = /add[@key='name'] 组（1）=添加 组（2）= [@key='name'] 组（3）=键 组 (4) = 名称 组（5）=空

开始=43，结束=50 组（0）= /@值 组（1）=空 组（2）=空 组（3）=空 组（4）=空 组（5）=值

---

这意味着我们有

组 (0) = 忽略 Group(1) = 元素名称 组 (2) = 忽略 Group(3) = 过滤器属性名称 Group(4) = 过滤属性值

这是一个可以使用该模式的java方法

public static Node createNodeFromXPath(Document doc, String expression) throws XPathExpressionException {
StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();
Matcher matcher = xpathParserPattern.matcher(expression);

Node currentNode = doc.getFirstChild();

while (matcher.find()) {
    String currentXPath = matcher.group(0);
    String elementName = matcher.group(1);
    String filterName = matcher.group(3);
    String filterValue = matcher.group(4);
    String attributeName = matcher.group(5);

    StringBuilder builder = currentPath.append(currentXPath);
    String relativePath = builder.toString();
    Node newNode = selectSingleNode(doc, relativePath);

    if (newNode == null) {
        if (attributeName != null) {
            ((Element) currentNode).setAttribute(attributeName, "");
            newNode = selectSingleNode(doc, relativePath);

        } else if (elementName != null) {
            Element element = doc.createElement(elementName);
            if (filterName != null) {
                element.setAttribute(filterName, filterValue);
            }
            currentNode.appendChild(element);
            newNode = element;

        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
        }
    }

    currentNode = newNode;
}

if (selectSingleNode(doc, expression) == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("The given xPath cannot be created " + expression);
}

return currentNode;

}

Answer 12

我喜欢 Chris 的版​​本，因为它处理了 xpaths 中的属性，而其他解决方案没有（尽管它不能很好地处理我修复的路径中的“text()”）。 不幸的是，我不得不在 VB 应用程序中使用它，所以这是它的转换：

        Private Sub SplitOnce(ByVal value As String, ByVal separator As String, ByRef part1 As String, ByRef part2 As String)
        If (value IsNot Nothing) Then
            Dim idx As Integer = value.IndexOf(separator)
            If (idx >= 0) Then
                part1 = value.Substring(0, idx)
                part2 = value.Substring(idx + separator.Length)
            Else
                part1 = value
                part2 = Nothing
            End If
        Else
            part1 = ""
            part2 = Nothing
        End If
    End Sub
    Private Function createXPath(ByVal doc As XmlDocument, ByVal xpath As String) As XmlNode
        Dim node As XmlNode = doc
        Dim part As String
        For Each part In xpath.Substring(1).Split("/")
            Dim nodes As XmlNodeList = node.SelectNodes(part)
            If (nodes.Count > 1) Then
                Throw New Exception("Xpath '" + xpath + "' was not found multiple times!")
            ElseIf (nodes.Count = 1) Then
                node = nodes(0)
                Continue For
            End If

            If (part.EndsWith("text()")) Then
                ' treat this the same as previous node since this is really innertext
                Exit For
            ElseIf (part.StartsWith("@")) Then
                Dim anode As XmlAttribute = doc.CreateAttribute(part.Substring(1))
                node.Attributes.Append(anode)
                node = anode
            Else
                Dim elName As String = Nothing
                Dim attrib As String = Nothing
                If (part.Contains("[")) Then
                    SplitOnce(part, "[", elName, attrib)
                    If (Not attrib.EndsWith("]")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath (missing ]): " + part)
                    End If
                    attrib = attrib.Substring(0, attrib.Length - 1)
                Else
                    elName = part
                End If
                Dim nextnode As XmlNode = doc.CreateElement(elName)
                node.AppendChild(nextnode)
                node = nextnode
                If (attrib IsNot Nothing) Then
                    If (Not attrib.StartsWith("@")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath attrib (missing @): " + part)
                    End If
                    Dim name As String = ""
                    Dim value As String = ""
                    SplitOnce(attrib.Substring(1), "='", name, value)
                    If (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value) Or Not value.EndsWith("'")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath attrib: " + part)
                    End If
                    value = value.Substring(0, value.Length - 1)
                    Dim anode As XmlAttribute = doc.CreateAttribute(name)
                    anode.Value = value
                    node.Attributes.Append(anode)
                End If
            End If
        Next
        Return node
    End Function