如何在 MYSQL 中删除时更新同一张表？

Question

在我的数据库中，我有一个表 Employee 具有递归关联（员工可以是其他员工的老板）：

create table if not exists `employee` (

  `SSN` varchar(64) not null,
  `name` varchar(64) default null,
  `designation` varchar(128) not null,
  `MSSN` varchar(64) default null, 
  primary key (`ssn`),
  constraint `fk_manager_employee`  foreign key (`mssn`) references employee(ssn)

) engine=innodb default charset=latin1;

 

mysql> describe Employee;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| SSN         | varchar(64)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| name        | varchar(64)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| designation | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| MSSN        | varchar(64)  | YES  | MUL | NULL    |       |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后插入：

mysql> insert into Employee values
    -> ("1", "A", "OWNER",  NULL), 
    -> ("2", "B", "BOSS",   "1"),
    -> ("3", "C", "WORKER", "2"),
    -> ("4", "D", "BOSS",   "2"),
    -> ("5", "E", "WORKER", "4"),
    -> ("6", "F", "WORKER", "1"),
    -> ("7", "G", "WORKER", "4")
    -> ;
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 7  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0   

现在我在表中的行之间有以下层次关系（所有者>老板>工人）：

     A
    / \
   B   F
  / \
 c   D
    / \
   G   E

下面是表的Select语句：

mysql> SELECT * FROM Employee;
+-----+------+-------------+------+
| SSN | name | designation | MSSN |
+-----+------+-------------+------+
| 1   | A    | OWNER       | NULL |
| 2   | B    | BOSS        | 1    |  
| 3   | C    | WORKER      | 2    |  
| 4   | D    | BOSS        | 2    |  
| 5   | E    | WORKER      | 4    |   
| 6   | F    | WORKER      | 1    |  
| 7   | G    | WORKER      | 4    |  
+-----+------+-------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

现在，我想施加一个约束，例如：If any employee (BOSS) deleted then new BOSS of workers under him become immediate BOSS of deleted employee (Old BOSS)。例如如果我删除D 然后B 成为G 和E 的BOSS。

为此我还写了一个触发器如下：

mysql>  DELIMITER $$
mysql>        CREATE
    ->        TRIGGER `Employee_before_delete` BEFORE DELETE
    ->          ON `Employee`
    ->          FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
    ->          UPDATE Employee
    ->          SET MSSN=old.MSSN
    ->          WHERE MSSN=old.MSSN; 
    ->        END$$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql>        DELIMITER ;

但是当我执行一些删除操作时：

mysql> DELETE FROM Employee WHERE SSN='4';
ERROR 1442 (HY000): Can't update table 'Employee' in stored function/trigger
because it is already used by statement which invoked this stored 
function/trigger.

我learn here 那个this trigger is not possible 因为In MySQL triggers can't manipulate the table they are assigned to。

是否有一些其他可能的方法来做到这一点？是否可以使用Nested Query？有人可以建议我其他方法吗？一个建议就足够了，但应该是有效的。

编辑：
我得到了答案： 而不是触发stored procedure 或two consecutive queries 是可能的。 First 和 second。

我为这个问题写的解决方案如下，工作得很好！：

• 我正在为MYSQL version older then 5.5 编写的辅助信号函数。

分隔符 //

CREATE PROCEDURE `my_signal`(in_errortext VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
    SET @sql=CONCAT('UPDATE `', in_errortext, '` SET x=1');
    PREPARE my_signal_stmt FROM @sql;
    EXECUTE my_signal_stmt;
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE my_signal_stmt;
END//

• 从Employee 表中删除员工的存储过程。

CREATE PROCEDURE delete_employee(IN dssn varchar(64))
BEGIN
    DECLARE empDesignation varchar(128);
    DECLARE empSsn         varchar(64);
    DECLARE empMssn        varchar(64);
     SELECT SSN, designation, MSSN  INTO empSsn, empDesignation, empMssn 
     FROM Employee 
     WHERE SSN = dssn;

   IF (empSsn IS NOT NULL) THEN
    CASE       
           WHEN empDesignation = 'OWNER' THEN 
               CALL my_signal('Error: OWNER can not deleted!');

           WHEN empDesignation = 'WORKER' THEN 
            DELETE FROM Employee WHERE SSN = empSsn;               

           WHEN empDesignation = 'BOSS' THEN 
               BEGIN 
                   UPDATE Employee
                   SET MSSN = empMssn
                   WHERE MSSN = empSsn;

                DELETE FROM Employee WHERE SSN = empSsn;                   

               END;
    END CASE;
   ELSE 
               CALL my_signal('Error: Not a valid row!');
   END IF;
END//

分隔符;

Answer 1

使用stored procedure：

UPDATE b
   SET b.mssn = a.mssn
  FROM EMPLOYEE a
  JOIN EMPLOYEE b ON b.mssn = a.ssn
 WHERE a.ssn = @deletedBoss

DELETE FROM employee WHERE ssn = @deletedBoss

使用存储过程，您可以简单地删除所需的行，然后更新同一个表。这应该可以防止错误消息。

Answer 2

不要进行硬删除，而是进行软删除。如果要删除该行，请添加 is_deleted 列并将其设置为 1。在表上创建 after_update 触发器。

DELIMITER $$
    CREATE
    TRIGGER `Employee_after_update` AFTER UPDATE
      ON `Employee`
      FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
      UPDATE Employee
      ...............
      WHERE NEW.is_deleted=1; 
      DELETE FROM Employee WHERE NEW.is_deleted=1
    END$$

我不确定您是否可以为 after_{insert,delete,update} 更新同一个表。请检查这个