具有指定证书的 Java MySQL SSL 连接

Question

我正在尝试制作一个 Java 应用程序，它使用 jdbc (Connector/J) 来使用 SSL 加密连接到 mariadb 数据库。 我已经创建了一个自签名证书并将服务器配置为使用它。 当我尝试连接时，我得到一个异常，因为证书不受信任，因为它是自签名的并且没有添加到 Java 信任库中。 因为我想修改 TrustStore 或者为我的应用程序使用不同的，所以我搜索了一种方法来只告诉 jdbc 哪个证书是受信任的，结果发现“https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/using-tlsssl-with-mariadb-connectorj/ 直接提供证书”

当我现在尝试连接时：

DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://<hostname>:3306/<database>?useSSL=true&requireSSL=true&serverSslCert=/tmp/ssl/server-cert.pem", "<username>", "<password>");

在不再使用 serverSslCert 参数之前，我得到了这个异常：

Exception in thread "main" 

com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

The last packet successfully received from the server was 136 milliseconds ago.  The last packet sent successfully to the server was 129 milliseconds ago.
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:990)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ExportControlled.transformSocketToSSLSocket(ExportControlled.java:203)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.negotiateSSLConnection(MysqlIO.java:4901)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(MysqlIO.java:1659)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:1226)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2188)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2219)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2014)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:776)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:386)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:330)
    at gymcash.server.mysql.DriverWrapper.connect(DriverWrapper.java:22)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247)
    at gymcash.server.mysql.MySQL.connect(MySQL.java:48)
    at gymcash.server.mysql.MySQL.connect(MySQL.java:52)
    at gymcash.server.main.Main.main(Main.java:25)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1964)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:328)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:322)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1614)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:216)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:1052)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:987)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1072)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1385)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1413)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1397)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ExportControlled.transformSocketToSSLSocket(ExportControlled.java:188)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ExportControlled$X509TrustManagerWrapper.checkServerTrusted(ExportControlled.java:304)
    at 

sun.security.ssl.AbstractTrustManagerWrapper.checkServerTrusted(SSLContextImpl.java:992)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1596)
    ... 29 more
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Path does not chain with any of the trust anchors
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXCertPathValidator.validate(PKIXCertPathValidator.java:154)
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.PKIXCertPathValidator.engineValidate(PKIXCertPathValidator.java:80)
    at java.security.cert.CertPathValidator.validate(CertPathValidator.java:292)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ExportControlled$X509TrustManagerWrapper.checkServerTrusted(ExportControlled.java:297)
    ... 31 more

我不明白我做错了什么，因为文件存在，路径是绝对的，并且与服务器使用的相同。有人可以告诉我我做错了什么吗？

我正在使用 Java 8，mysql-connector-java-5.1.45

Answer 1

有几种方法可以做到这一点。将您的自签名证书或用于签署证书的证书颁发机构放入您用于连接的 JVM 使用的默认 java 密钥库中。您需要使用 Keytool 来执行此操作。但除非您管理企业 VM 包，否则您可能不想劫持安全包中的默认密钥库。

首先您需要了解关键工具的工作原理。

[Java Key 工具命令][1]https://www.sslshopper.com/article-most-common-java-keytool-keystore-commands.html

问题是您可能无法访问默认密钥库，并且它可能不接受您使用的证书格式。需要一些健身房工作来转换证书并尝试匹配支持的加密算法。

一般来说，除非你管理一个企业，否则最好

1. 生成新的密钥库文件
2. 将您的证书导入此密钥库（或证书链）
3. 确保将其标记为受信任
4. 在运行时使用 -D 选项将密钥库传递给您的程序。

我通常只是将其添加到我的代码中并在连接到数据库之前设置属性

if (DB_SSL || SSL) {
            System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", KEYSTORE);
            System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword", KEYSTORE_PASS);
            System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", KEYSTORE);
            System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", KEYSTORE_PASS);
        if (DEBUG_OPTION) {
            System.setProperty("javax.net.debug", "true");
        }
    }

private static String KEYSTORE = "/home/me/.keystore";
private static String KEYSTORE_PASS = "changeit";