【发布时间】:2019-06-21 06:04:18
【问题描述】:
我遇到了一个问题,即为某些模板类型执行适当的函数模板重载。查看我遇到的情况所需的最小示例如下所示:
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
template<typename id_type>
struct B {
id_type ID;
std::vector<int> values;
};
template<typename id_type>
struct A {
id_type ID;
std::vector<struct B<id_type>> b_elems;
};
// forward declarations
namespace aSDG {
namespace meshing {
template<typename id_type> size_t byte_content(const struct B<id_type>& instance);
template<typename id_type> size_t serialize(const struct B<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0);
template<typename id_type> size_t deserialize(struct B<id_type>& instance, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0);
template<typename id_type> size_t byte_content(const struct A<id_type>& instance);
template<typename id_type> size_t serialize(const struct A<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0);
template<typename id_type> size_t deserialize(struct A<id_type>& instance, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0);
}
}
namespace aSDG {
namespace meshing {
// serialization for primitive types
template<typename T> size_t byte_content(const T& data){
return sizeof(T);
}
template<typename T> size_t serialize(const T& data, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
std::memcpy((void*)(buffer + start_idx), (void*)&data, sizeof(data));
return start_idx + sizeof(data);
}
template<typename T> size_t deserialize(T& data, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
std::memcpy((void*)&data, (void*)(buffer + start_idx), sizeof(data));
return start_idx + sizeof(data);
}
// serialization for vector containers
template<typename T> size_t byte_content(const std::vector<T>& data){
// get number of bytes for the size variable
size_t num_req_bytes = sizeof(size_t);
// get the number of bytes for each element of the vector
for(size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i){
num_req_bytes += byte_content(data[i]);
}// end for i
// return the total number of required bytes
return num_req_bytes;
}
template<typename T> size_t serialize(const std::vector<T>& data, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
// add the number of elements in the data
const size_t size_ = data.size();
start_idx = serialize(size_, buffer, start_idx);
// add the actual data elements
for(size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i){
start_idx = serialize(data[i], buffer, start_idx);
}// end for i
// return the final index after adding all the data
return start_idx;
}
template<typename T> size_t deserialize(std::vector<T>& data, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
// get the number of elements in the array
size_t size_ = 0;
start_idx = deserialize(size_, buffer, start_idx);
// resize the input array
data.resize(size_);
// fill the array with the data in the buffer
for(size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i){
start_idx = deserialize(data[i], buffer, start_idx);
}// end for i
// return the number of bytes we are at in the array
return start_idx;
}
} // end namespace meshing
} // end namespace aSDG
namespace aSDG {
namespace meshing {
// serialization for B
template<typename id_type>
size_t byte_content(const struct B<id_type>& instance) {
return byte_content(instance.ID) + byte_content(instance.values);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t serialize(const struct B<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
start_idx = serialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return serialize(instance.values, buffer, start_idx);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t deserialize(struct B<id_type>& instance, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
start_idx = deserialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return deserialize(instance.values, buffer, start_idx);
}
// serialization functions for A
template<typename id_type>
size_t byte_content(const struct A<id_type>& instance) {
return byte_content(instance.ID) + byte_content(instance.b_elems);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t serialize(const struct A<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
start_idx = serialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return serialize(instance.b_elems, buffer, start_idx);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t deserialize(struct A<id_type>& instance, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
start_idx = deserialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return deserialize(instance.b_elems, buffer, start_idx);
}
} // end namespace meshing
} // end namespace aSDG
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
struct A<size_t> a1, a2;
a1.b_elems.emplace_back();
a1.b_elems.emplace_back();
a1.b_elems.emplace_back();
a1.b_elems[0].ID = 5;
a1.b_elems[0].values.push_back(1);
// get the number of bytes to be serialized
size_t num_req_bytes = aSDG::meshing::byte_content(a1);
// allocate the buffer
std::vector<unsigned char> buf( num_req_bytes );
// serialize the data in a1
size_t serial_bytes = aSDG::meshing::serialize(a1, &buf[0]);
// deserialize data into a2
size_t deserial_bytes= aSDG::meshing::deserialize(a2, &buf[0]);
// check that the bytes match
printf("in_bytes = %zu vs. out_bytes = %zu\n", serial_bytes, deserial_bytes );
return 0;
}
在本例中,我将序列化A 类型的实例,而此序列化又需要序列化A 中包含的B 元素的向量。 A 的所有序列化函数都运行,这意味着它的 byte_content、serialize 和 deserialize 的风格通过适当的定义被调用。但是,当程序递归到这些方法的通用std::vector 定义以序列化A 的std::vector<struct B> 数据成员时,它无法调用为B 定义的方法,而是调用基本的序列化函数原语(前三个定义在代码示例的顶部)。我不明白为什么 B 的序列化方法(byte_content、serialize、deserialize)在这种情况下没有被调用,因为它们已定义。
我怀疑我错过了一些关于如何选择函数模板重载的基本规则,但我真的不确定。任何见解将不胜感激。
编辑 1
更准确地说,关键问题是当A发生序列化时,它实际上会调用下面的预期方法
template<typename id_type>
size_t aSDG::meshing::serialize(const struct A<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0){
start_idx = serialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return serialize(instance.b_elems, buffer, start_idx);
}
问题是,当它去序列化b_elems时,它首先用T = struct B调用通用的std::vector序列化方法
template<typename T> size_t serialize(const std::vector<T>& data, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
// add the number of elements in the data
const size_t size_ = data.size();
start_idx = serialize(size_, buffer, start_idx);
// add the actual data elements
for(size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i){
start_idx = serialize(data[i], buffer, start_idx);
}// end for i
// return the final index after adding all the data
return start_idx;
}
但是当它执行serialize(data[i], buffer, start_idx)时,该函数不会调用
template<typename id_type>
size_t serialize(const struct B<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0){
start_idx = serialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return serialize(instance.values, buffer, start_idx);
}
而是调用
template<typename T> size_t serialize(const T& data, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx = 0)
{
std::memcpy((void*)(buffer + start_idx), (void*)&data, sizeof(data));
return start_idx + sizeof(data);
}
我真的很困惑为什么会这样。
编辑 2
在添加@Evg 推荐的前向声明后,代码几乎可以正常工作。现在唯一的问题是没有调用B 的byte_content 特化。可以通过将B 的上述专业化定义替换为
template<typename id_type>
size_t byte_content(const struct B<id_type>& instance) {
printf("B byte_content\n");
return byte_content(instance.ID) + byte_content(instance.values);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t serialize(const struct B<id_type>& instance, unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
printf("B serialize\n");
start_idx = serialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return serialize(instance.values, buffer, start_idx);
}
template<typename id_type>
size_t deserialize(struct B<id_type>& instance, const unsigned char* buffer, size_t start_idx){
printf("B deserialize\n");
start_idx = deserialize(instance.ID, buffer, start_idx);
return deserialize(instance.values, buffer, start_idx);
}
并见证“B byte_content”消息从未显示。现在也许我只是累了,没有看到一些错误,但我不明白为什么,即使在前向声明之后,没有调用正确的 byte_content 专业化 B。
【问题讨论】:
-
将专用函数的声明放在泛型函数之前。
-
@Evg 我在看到你的简短回答后才更新了一些东西(不再存在),但让我试试你刚才说的话,因为这在我脑海中敲响了警钟。
-
这个答案不正确,所以我删除了它。我重读了你的问题,看到了真正的问题。问题是在泛型方法内部,编译器不知道专门的方法。使用它们的前向声明。
-
@Evg 它非常接近工作,但是如果您看到我的编辑,我会发现其中一个功能专业化仍未被调用,并且在您推荐后我真的很惊讶,因为其他功能专业化现在正在工作。我觉得我可能只是犯了一些愚蠢的错误,但我什么都看不到。
-
下次请不要对问题中的代码进行重大更改。对于以后会发现这个问题的人来说,真的很难理解答案是什么。
标签: c++ function templates overloading