Unity EventManager 与委托而不是 UnityEvent答案

【问题标题】：Unity EventManager with delegate instead of UnityEventUnity EventManager 与委托而不是 UnityEvent
【发布时间】：2017-02-03 22:48:42
【问题描述】：

我正在寻找这个 Manager using UnityEvent 的 c# 委托版本。我不想使用它，因为UnityEvent 在大多数情况下都比 C# 事件慢。

关于如何实现这一点的任何线索？

【问题讨论】：

标签： c# unity3d

【解决方案1】：

您可以使用Action，它实际上是这样声明的委托：

namespace System
{
    public delegate void Action();
}

1。将所有UnityAction 替换为使用委托的System 命名空间中的Action。

2.将所有thisEvent.AddListener(listener);替换为thisEvent += listener;

3.将所有thisEvent.RemoveListener(listener);替换为thisEvent -= listener;

这里是 Unity 的 original EventManager 的修改版本，移植到使用委托/动作。

无参数：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class EventManager : MonoBehaviour
{

    private Dictionary<string, Action> eventDictionary;

    private static EventManager eventManager;

    public static EventManager instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (!eventManager)
            {
                eventManager = FindObjectOfType(typeof(EventManager)) as EventManager;

                if (!eventManager)
                {
                    Debug.LogError("There needs to be one active EventManger script on a GameObject in your scene.");
                }
                else
                {
                    eventManager.Init();
                }
            }

            return eventManager;
        }
    }

    void Init()
    {
        if (eventDictionary == null)
        {
            eventDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Action>();
        }
    }

    public static void StartListening(string eventName, Action listener)
    {
        Action thisEvent;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            //Add more event to the existing one
            thisEvent += listener;

            //Update the Dictionary
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
        }
        else
        {
            //Add event to the Dictionary for the first time
            thisEvent += listener;
            instance.eventDictionary.Add(eventName, thisEvent);
        }
    }

    public static void StopListening(string eventName, Action listener)
    {
        if (eventManager == null) return;
        Action thisEvent;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            //Remove event from the existing one
            thisEvent -= listener;

            //Update the Dictionary
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
        }
    }

    public static void TriggerEvent(string eventName)
    {
        Action thisEvent = null;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            thisEvent.Invoke();
            // OR USE instance.eventDictionary[eventName]();
        }
    }
}

测试脚本：

下面的测试脚本通过每 2 秒触发一次事件来测试事件。

public class TestScript: MonoBehaviour
{
    private Action someListener;

    void Awake()
    {
        someListener = new Action(SomeFunction);
        StartCoroutine(invokeTest());
    }

    IEnumerator invokeTest()
    {
        WaitForSeconds waitTime = new WaitForSeconds(2);
        while (true)
        {
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("test");
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("Spawn");
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("Destroy");
        }
    }

    void OnEnable()
    {
        EventManager.StartListening("test", someListener);
        EventManager.StartListening("Spawn", SomeOtherFunction);
        EventManager.StartListening("Destroy", SomeThirdFunction);
    }

    void OnDisable()
    {
        EventManager.StopListening("test", someListener);
        EventManager.StopListening("Spawn", SomeOtherFunction);
        EventManager.StopListening("Destroy", SomeThirdFunction);
    }

    void SomeFunction()
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Function was called!");
    }

    void SomeOtherFunction()
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Other Function was called!");
    }

    void SomeThirdFunction()
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Third Function was called!");
    }
}

带参数：

从其他问题来看，大多数人都在问如何支持参数。这里是。您可以使用class/struct 作为参数，然后将要传递的所有变量添加到此类/结构内的函数中。我将以EventParam 为例。随意添加/删除要在此代码末尾的事件EventParam 结构中传递的变量。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class EventManager : MonoBehaviour
{

    private Dictionary<string, Action<EventParam>> eventDictionary;

    private static EventManager eventManager;

    public static EventManager instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (!eventManager)
            {
                eventManager = FindObjectOfType(typeof(EventManager)) as EventManager;

                if (!eventManager)
                {
                    Debug.LogError("There needs to be one active EventManger script on a GameObject in your scene.");
                }
                else
                {
                    eventManager.Init();
                }
            }
            return eventManager;
        }
    }

    void Init()
    {
        if (eventDictionary == null)
        {
            eventDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Action<EventParam>>();
        }
    }

    public static void StartListening(string eventName, Action<EventParam> listener)
    {
        Action<EventParam> thisEvent;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            //Add more event to the existing one
            thisEvent += listener;

            //Update the Dictionary
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
        }
        else
        {
            //Add event to the Dictionary for the first time
            thisEvent += listener;
            instance.eventDictionary.Add(eventName, thisEvent);
        }
    }

    public static void StopListening(string eventName, Action<EventParam> listener)
    {
        if (eventManager == null) return;
        Action<EventParam> thisEvent;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            //Remove event from the existing one
            thisEvent -= listener;

            //Update the Dictionary
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
        }
    }

    public static void TriggerEvent(string eventName, EventParam eventParam)
    {
        Action<EventParam> thisEvent = null;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            thisEvent.Invoke(eventParam);
            // OR USE  instance.eventDictionary[eventName](eventParam);
        }
    }
}

//Re-usable structure/ Can be a class to. Add all parameters you need inside it
public struct EventParam
{
    public string param1;
    public int param2;
    public float param3;
    public bool param4;
}

测试脚本：

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Action<EventParam> someListener1;
    private Action<EventParam> someListener2;
    private Action<EventParam> someListener3;

    void Awake()
    {
        someListener1 = new Action<EventParam>(SomeFunction);
        someListener2 = new Action<EventParam>(SomeOtherFunction);
        someListener3 = new Action<EventParam>(SomeThirdFunction);

        StartCoroutine(invokeTest());
    }

    IEnumerator invokeTest()
    {
        WaitForSeconds waitTime = new WaitForSeconds(0.5f);

        //Create parameter to pass to the event
        EventParam eventParam = new EventParam();
        eventParam.param1 = "Hello";
        eventParam.param2 = 99;
        eventParam.param3 = 43.4f;
        eventParam.param4 = true;

        while (true)
        {
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("test", eventParam);
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("Spawn", eventParam);
            yield return waitTime;
            EventManager.TriggerEvent("Destroy", eventParam);
        }
    }

    void OnEnable()
    {
        //Register With Action variable
        EventManager.StartListening("test", someListener1);
        EventManager.StartListening("Spawn", someListener2);
        EventManager.StartListening("Destroy", someListener3);

        //OR Register Directly to function
        EventManager.StartListening("test", SomeFunction);
        EventManager.StartListening("Spawn", SomeOtherFunction);
        EventManager.StartListening("Destroy", SomeThirdFunction);
    }

    void OnDisable()
    {
        //Un-Register With Action variable
        EventManager.StopListening("test", someListener1);
        EventManager.StopListening("Spawn", someListener2);
        EventManager.StopListening("Destroy", someListener3);

        //OR Un-Register Directly to function
        EventManager.StopListening("test", SomeFunction);
        EventManager.StopListening("Spawn", SomeOtherFunction);
        EventManager.StopListening("Destroy", SomeThirdFunction);
    }

    void SomeFunction(EventParam eventParam)
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Function was called!");
    }

    void SomeOtherFunction(EventParam eventParam)
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Other Function was called!");
    }

    void SomeThirdFunction(EventParam eventParam)
    {
        Debug.Log("Some Third Function was called!");
    }
}

【讨论】：

UnityEvent 做了哪些额外的工作导致它变慢？基本上，我们通过使用Action 和自定义事件管理器来实现更快的速度？
@ScottChamberlain 内存分配 + 过多使用反射。它的唯一优点是您可以在编辑器中将其公开，并从编辑器为其分配事件，因为它是序列化的。它在其他所有方面都失败了，不应该用于真正的游戏。可以自己测试，也可以查看this和this。
啊，现在没问题了。我通过为带有参数的事件创建单独的字典来解决问题。您可以在此处查看我的代码： sta.sh/226znk8jknx3 \n 但是，我遇到了另一个问题。 :( 当我触发一个有两个或更多订阅者的事件时，只有一个订阅者会收到通知。我仍在浏览其他一些有关如何解决此问题的链接...当我再次访问这里时'我有这方面的更新。^_^ 但如果你有解决方案，请告诉我，呵呵。:'( PS 我注意到@CharlieSeligman 和我有同样的问题。
@CharlieSeligman 和@Zarashi99 ...找到并修复了EventManager 错误。你们可以测试并通知我吗？另外，如果有人想让它接受一个参数，最简单的方法是让它接受一个class 或struct 作为参数。然后，您可以在该类/结构中声明要传递给事件的所有变量。这使得它更易于重用，因为您所要做的就是修改类/结构以从中添加/删除参数。
@Zarashi99 不客气。我注意到您在其中一个 cmets 中提到了 DynamicInvoke。不要用那个。我只是在答案中添加了参数支持，因为大多数人都在其他问题上问过我这个问题。检查出。编码愉快！

【解决方案2】：

！！接受的答案不完整！！

作为一个懒惰的程序员，我只是简单地复制了程序员写的东西，但在评论部分遇到了同样的问题。

程序员的解决方案不适用于同一事件的多个订阅者。

这是修复（参数版本的相同更改）：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

public class EventManager : MonoBehaviour
{

    private Dictionary<string, Action> eventDictionary;

    private static EventManager eventManager;

    public static EventManager instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (!eventManager)
            {
                eventManager = FindObjectOfType(typeof(EventManager)) as EventManager;

                if (!eventManager)
                {
                    Debug.LogError("There needs to be one active EventManger script on a GameObject in your scene.");
                }
                else
                {
                    eventManager.Init();
                }
            }

            return eventManager;
        }
    }

    void Init()
    {
        if (eventDictionary == null)
        {
            eventDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Action>();
        }
    }

    public static void StartListening(string eventName, Action listener)
    {
        if (instance.eventDictionary.ContainsKey(eventName))
        {
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] += listener;
        }
        else
        {
            instance.eventDictionary.Add(eventName, listener);
        }
    }

    public static void StopListening(string eventName, Action listener)
    {
        if (instance.eventDictionary.ContainsKey(eventName))
        {
            instance.eventDictionary[eventName] -= listener;
        }
    }

    public static void TriggerEvent(string eventName)
    {
        Action thisEvent = null;
        if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
        {
            thisEvent.Invoke();
        }
    }
}

这是我在此发布的 StackOverflow 问题的链接

Why do I get a clone of Action<> when getting from dictionary?

当您调用 TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent) 时，您提供了字典将写入值的引用。您没有获得对 Dictionary 内部内容的引用（我的意思是，您没有获得指向 Dictionary 结构的深层指针，这意味着分配给它不会修改 Dictionary）。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

聚会有点晚了，@programmer 上面的回答确实帮了很多忙，但是如果有人想用返回值触发事件，仍然想分享一个答案，版主当然知道如何处理这个答案。

.net 提供 func 和 action ， func 或 func

这是带有返回值的@programmers 代码：

 private Dictionary<string, Func<EventParam,bool>> eventDictionary;

private static EventManager eventManager;

public static EventManager instance
{
    get
    {
        if (!eventManager)
        {
            eventManager = FindObjectOfType(typeof(EventManager)) as EventManager;

            if (!eventManager)
            {
                Debug.LogError("There needs to be one active EventManger script on a GameObject in your scene.");
            }
            else
            {
                eventManager.Init();
            }
        }
        return eventManager;
    }
}

void Init()
{
    if (eventDictionary == null)
    {
        eventDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Func<EventParam, bool>>();
    }
}

public static void StartListening(string eventName,Func<EventParam, bool> listener)
{
    Func<EventParam, bool> thisEvent;
    if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
    {

        thisEvent += listener;


        instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
    }
    else
    {

        thisEvent += listener;
        instance.eventDictionary.Add(eventName, thisEvent);
    }
}

public static void StopListening(string eventName, Func<EventParam, bool> listener)
{
    if (eventManager == null) return;
    Func<EventParam, bool> thisEvent;
    if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
    {

        thisEvent -= listener;


        instance.eventDictionary[eventName] = thisEvent;
    }
}

public static bool TriggerEvent(string eventName, EventParam eventParam)
{
    Func<EventParam, bool> thisEvent = null;
    if (instance.eventDictionary.TryGetValue(eventName, out thisEvent))
    {
        bool value;
        value = thisEvent.Invoke(eventParam);
        return value;
    }
    return false;
}

}

公共结构事件参数 { 公共字符串参数1；

}

所以现在Trigger可以这样调用

EventParam newparam = new EventParam();
    newparam.param1 = "Ty Mr Programmer this custom eventmanager";
    bool checkme;
    checkme =  EventManager.TriggerEvent("API", newparam);

【讨论】：