与strings.Replacer
使用strings.Replacer,实现您想要的格式化程序非常简单且紧凑。
func main() {
file, err := "/data/test.txt", "file not found"
log("File {file} had error {error}", "{file}", file, "{error}", err)
}
func log(format string, args ...string) {
r := strings.NewReplacer(args...)
fmt.Println(r.Replace(format))
}
输出(在Go Playground上试试):
File /data/test.txt had error file not found
我们可以通过在log()函数中自动为参数名称添加括号来使其使用起来更愉快:
func main() {
file, err := "/data/test.txt", "file not found"
log2("File {file} had error {error}", "file", file, "error", err)
}
func log2(format string, args ...string) {
for i, v := range args {
if i%2 == 0 {
args[i] = "{" + v + "}"
}
}
r := strings.NewReplacer(args...)
fmt.Println(r.Replace(format))
}
输出(在Go Playground上试试):
File /data/test.txt had error file not found
是的,你可以说它只接受string 参数值。这是真实的。再多一点改进,这将不是真的:
func main() {
file, err := "/data/test.txt", 666
log3("File {file} had error {error}", "file", file, "error", err)
}
func log3(format string, args ...interface{}) {
args2 := make([]string, len(args))
for i, v := range args {
if i%2 == 0 {
args2[i] = fmt.Sprintf("{%v}", v)
} else {
args2[i] = fmt.Sprint(v)
}
}
r := strings.NewReplacer(args2...)
fmt.Println(r.Replace(format))
}
输出(在Go Playground上试试):
File /data/test.txt had error 666
此变体接受参数作为map[string]interface{} 并将结果作为string 返回:
type P map[string]interface{}
func main() {
file, err := "/data/test.txt", 666
s := log33("File {file} had error {error}", P{"file": file, "error": err})
fmt.Println(s)
}
func log33(format string, p P) string {
args, i := make([]string, len(p)*2), 0
for k, v := range p {
args[i] = "{" + k + "}"
args[i+1] = fmt.Sprint(v)
i += 2
}
return strings.NewReplacer(args...).Replace(format)
}
在Go Playground 上试试。
与text/template
您的模板解决方案或提案也过于冗长。它可以写成这样紧凑(省略错误检查):
type P map[string]interface{}
func main() {
file, err := "/data/test.txt", 666
log4("File {{.file}} has error {{.error}}", P{"file": file, "error": err})
}
func log4(format string, p P) {
t := template.Must(template.New("").Parse(format))
t.Execute(os.Stdout, p)
}
输出(在Go Playground 上试试):
File /data/test.txt has error 666
如果您想返回string(而不是将其打印到标准输出),您可以这样做(在Go Playground 上尝试):
func log5(format string, p P) string {
b := &bytes.Buffer{}
template.Must(template.New("").Parse(format)).Execute(b, p)
return b.String()
}
使用显式参数索引
这已经在另一个答案中提到过,但要完成它,要知道相同的显式参数索引可以使用任意次数,从而导致多次替换相同的参数。在这个问题中阅读更多信息:Replace all variables in Sprintf with same variable