选择最接近的值小于给定值的条目

Question

我想用 SQL 选择最接近的值小于给定值的条目（没有 PL/SQL！或类似的东西）。

我已经走到这一步了：

select max(RUN_ID) from RUN_TABLE where KEY = 'TEST#33' and RUN_ID < 3

这将返回与键匹配的最大值小于 3 的行，但我希望能够选择所有列。

Run_ID  Entity  Key
1         HK    TEST#11
2         AB    TEST#22
2         CK    TEST#33
3         TB    TEST#22
3         DB    TEST#33

我希望能够在拥有键 TEST#22 和最大 RUN_ID 4 来选择行时：

3   TB   TEST#22 

当说要检索的最大 RUN_ID 为 2 时

2   AB   TEST#22

Answer 1

select Run_ID, Entity, Key from from RUN_TABLE a
where Run_ID = (select max(RUN_ID) from RUN_TABLE b where b.Key = a.Key and RUN_ID < 3)
and KEY = 'TEST#33'

Answer 2

类似：

select t1.*
from RUN_TABLE t1
join (
   select max(RUN_ID) AS MAX_RUN_ID
   from RUN_TABLE 
   where KEY = 'TEST#33' and RUN_ID < 3
) t2 ON t1.RUN_ID = t2.MAX_RUN_ID
WHERE KEY = 'TEST#33'

Answer 3

按运行 id 降序排列，只取第一行，对于 Oracle：

select top 1 * from RUN_TABLE
where KEY = 'TEST#33' and RUN_ID < 3
order by RUN_ID desc
fetch first 1 rows

或 SQL Server（因为 SQLFiddle 的 Oracle 选项已关闭）：

select top 1 * from RUN_TABLE
where KEY = 'TEST#33' and RUN_ID < 3
order by RUN_ID desc

live demo on SQLFiddle。