如何使用 SQL Server 在此查询中按天对结果进行分组？答案

【问题标题】：How I can group the results by day in this query with SQL Server?如何使用 SQL Server 在此查询中按天对结果进行分组？
【发布时间】：2016-08-11 08:35:48
【问题描述】：

sql fiddle demo here

我有这个日记表的表结构：

 CREATE TABLE Diary
(
     [IdDiary] bigint, 
     [UserId] int,
     [IdDay] numeric(18,0),
     [IsAnExtraHour] bit
);

INSERT INTO Diary ([IdDiary],  [UserId],  [IdDay], [IsAnExtraHour])
values 
(51, 1409, 1, 0),
(52, 1409, 1, 1),
(53, 1409, 3, 0),
(54, 1409, 5, 0),
(55, 1409, 5, 1),
(56, 1408, 2, 0);

DiaryTimetable 表的结构如下：

CREATE TABLE DiaryTimetable
(
     [IdDiary] bigint, 
     [Hour] varchar(50)
);

  INSERT INTO DiaryTimetable ([IdDiary], [Hour])
VALUES
    (51, '09:00'),
    (51, '09:30'),
    (51, '10:00'),
    (51, '10:30'),
    (51, '11:00'),
    (52, '15:00'),
    (52, '15:30'),
    (52, '16:00'),
    (52, '16:30'),
    (52, '17:00'),
    (53, '11:00'),
    (53, '11:30'),
    (53, '12:00'),
    (53, '12:30'),
    (53, '13:00'),
    (54, '10:00'),
    (54, '10:30'),
    (54, '11:00'),
    (54, '11:30'),
    (54, '12:00'),
    (55, '16:00'),
    (55, '16:30'),
    (55, '17:00'),
    (55, '17:30'),
    (55, '18:00'),
    (56, '15:00'),
    (56, '15:30'),
    (56, '16:00'),
    (56, '16:30'),
    (56, '17:00');

我使用此查询来获取用户 ID 1409 的最大小时和最小小时，以获取每天输入的时间和离开工作的时间。 idday 对应于星期几。例如 1 是星期一，2 是星期二等等...

 SELECT d.IdDiary, d.IdDay, MIN(Hour) as 'Start Time', MAX(Hour) as 'End Time', IsAnExtraHour
FROM Diary AS d
LEFT JOIN DiaryTimetable AS dt ON d.IdDiary = dt.IdDiary
where userid = 1409
GROUP BY d.IdDiary, d.IdDay, IsAnExtraHour

这个查询给出这个结果：

我想得到这个结果：

    Day       Start Time    End Time    Start Extra Time    End Extra Time
    -----     ----------    --------    ---------------     ---------------
   Monday       09:00         11:00        15:00                17:00
   Wednessday   11:00         13:00        
   Friday       10:00         12:00        16:00                18:00

我有一个列 (IsAnExtraHour) 此列指示该行是否在一天中有额外的时间，例如一个员工在星期一 09:00 到 11:00 开始工作，然后在下午 15:00 再次工作到17:00，所以我想知道如何将这个时间分组在同一行，希望我已经能够表达清楚，我接受建议谢谢。

【问题讨论】：

应该这样问 SQL 问题。一切都像 Esraa_92 一样！
感谢您的评论；-D
不要对列别名使用单引号。为避免混淆和难以发现的错误，您应该只对字符串和日期/时间常量使用单引号。

标签： sql sql-server time group-by inner-join

【解决方案1】：

SELECT  d.IdDay,
        MIN(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 0 THEN hour END) as 'Start Time',
        MAX(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 0 THEN hour END) as 'End Time',
        MIN(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 1 THEN hour END) as 'Start Extra Time',
        MAX(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 1 THEN hour END) as 'End Extra Time'
FROM    Diary AS d
LEFT JOIN
        DiaryTimetable AS dt
ON      dt.IdDiary = d.IdDiary
WHERE   userid = 1409
GROUP BY
        d.IdDay

【讨论】：

感谢您的回答，这很容易理解：-D

【解决方案2】：

我使用来自@Quassnoi 的代码并添加了这个：

SELECT DATENAME(weekday, d.idday-1) as 'Day' ,
       MIN(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 0 THEN hour END) AS 'Start Time',
       MAX(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 0 THEN hour END) AS 'End Time',
       MIN(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 1 THEN hour END) AS 'Start Extra Time',
       MAX(CASE WHEN isAnExtraHour = 1 THEN hour END) AS 'End Extra Time'
FROM Diary AS d
LEFT JOIN DiaryTimetable AS dt ON dt.IdDiary = d.IdDiary
WHERE userid = 1409
GROUP BY d.IdDay

我希望这对某人有所帮助，谢谢大家的回答。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

我解决这个问题的方法是分别计算你的标准时间和加班时间，就像这样；

SELECT d.IdDay
    ,MIN(dt.StartTime) AS 'Start Time'
    ,MAX(dt.EndTime) AS 'End Time'
    ,MIN(ex.StartTime) AS 'Start Extra Time'
    ,MAX(ex.EndTime) AS 'End Extra Time'
FROM Diary AS d
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT IdDiary
        ,MIN(Hour) AS StartTime
        ,MAX(Hour) AS EndTime
    FROM DiaryTimetable
    GROUP BY IdDiary
    ) AS dt ON d.IdDiary = dt.IdDiary
    AND d.IsAnExtraHour = 0
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT IdDiary
        ,MIN(Hour) AS StartTime
        ,MAX(Hour) AS EndTime
    FROM DiaryTimetable
    GROUP BY IdDiary
    ) AS ex ON d.IdDiary = ex.IdDiary
    AND d.IsAnExtraHour = 1
WHERE userid = 1409
GROUP BY d.IdDay

【讨论】：

当然，您可以在 IdDay 上做一个 case 语句，或者如果您有一个将日期作为文本返回的日期表（例如星期一而不是 1），则可以将其链接到日期表

【解决方案4】：

您可以先获得非加班时间，然后通过 UserId 和 IdDay 将加班时间留给他们。像这样：

SELECT
    CASE BaseHours.IdDay
        WHEN 1 THEN 'Monday' 
        WHEN 2 THEN 'Tuesday' 
        WHEN 3 THEN 'Wednesday' 
        WHEN 4 THEN 'Thursday' 
        WHEN 5 THEN 'Friday' 
        WHEN 6 THEN 'Saturday' 
        WHEN 7 THEN 'Sunday' 
    END AS [WeekDay],
    MIN(BaseTimeTable.Hour) as 'Start Time',
    MAX(BaseTimeTable.Hour) as 'End Time',
    MIN(ExtraTimeTable.Hour) as 'Start Extra Time',
    MAX(ExtraTimeTable.Hour) as 'End Extra Time'
FROM Diary AS BaseHours
LEFT JOIN Diary ExtraHours
    ON ExtraHours.UserId = BaseHours.UserId
        AND ExtraHours.IdDay = BaseHours.IdDay AND ExtraHours.IsAnExtraHour = 1
JOIN DiaryTimetable AS BaseTimeTable
    ON BaseHours.IdDiary = BaseTimeTable.IdDiary
LEFT JOIN DiaryTimetable AS ExtraTimeTable
    ON ExtraHours.IdDiary = ExtraTimeTable.IdDiary
WHERE BaseHours.Userid = 1409 AND BaseHours.IsAnExtraHour = 0
GROUP BY BaseHours.IdDay

【讨论】：