只需使用位移来获取单个字节。
假设int的大小为4的架构:
int someInt = ...
uint8_t first = (someInt >> 24);
uint8_t second = (someInt >> 16);
uint8_t third = (someInt >> 8);
uint8_t fourth = someInt;
现在您可以将生成的字节放入您的数组中。确保首先检查first、second 和third 以确保它们不是0,如果是则跳过它们。确保按照 C 字符串的要求以空终止符结束您的数组。
此答案假定大端顺序,因为这就是您在示例中所指出的。如果你想要 little-endian,只需在将字节放入数组时颠倒它们的顺序即可。
请注意,这会将5DC 转换为05 和DC。如果您想要5D,则应检查原始int 中的第一个数字是否为0。您可以使用& 运算符来执行此操作,针对0xf0000000、0x00f00000 等测试int。如果您发现第一个数字是0,请将int 向右移动4 位在从中提取字节之前。
所以,是这样的:
void ExtractBytes(int anInt, uint8_t *buf, size_t bufSize) {
// passing an empty buffer to this function would be stupid,
// but hey, doesn't hurt to be idiot-proof
if (bufSize == 0) { return; }
// Get our sizes
const int intSize = sizeof(anInt);
const int digitCount = intSize * 2;
// find first non-zero digit
int firstNonZero = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < digitCount; i++) {
if ((anInt & (0xf << ((digitCount - 1 - i) * 4))) != 0) {
firstNonZero = i;
break;
}
}
if (firstNonZero < 0) {
// empty string; just bail out.
buf[0] = 0;
return;
}
// check whether first non-zero digit is even or odd;
// shift if it's odd
int intToUse = (firstNonZero % 2 != 0) ? (anInt >> 4) : anInt;
// now, just extract our bytes to the buffer
int bufPtr = 0;
for (int i = intSize - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// shift over the appropriate amount, mask against 0xff
uint8_t byte = (intToUse >> (i * 8));
// If the byte is 0, we can just skip it
if (byte == 0) {
continue;
}
// always check to make sure we don't overflow our buffer.
// if we're on the last byte, make it a null terminator and bail.
if (bufPtr == bufSize - 1) {
buf[bufPtr] = 0;
return;
}
// Copy our byte into the buffer
buf[bufPtr++] = byte;
}
// Now, just terminate our string.
// We can be sure that bufPtr will be less than bufSize,
// since we checked for that in the loop. So:
buf[bufPtr] = 0;
// Aaaaaand we're done
}
现在让我们试一试:
uint8_t buf[10];
ExtractBytes(0x41424344, buf, 10);
printf("%s\n", buf);
ExtractBytes(0x4142434, buf, 10);
printf("%s\n", buf);
和输出:
ABCD
ABC