【问题标题】:How to search tweets?如何搜索推文?
【发布时间】:2014-10-31 08:50:24
【问题描述】:

我实现了 OAuth 身份验证,并希望使用以下代码搜索推文:

private void searchTweetsWithQuery(string query)
        {
            var oauth_token = xxx;
            var oauth_token_secret = xxx;
            var oauth_consumer_key = this.context.ConsumerKey;
            var oauth_consumer_secret = this.context.ConsumerSecret;

            // oauth implementation details
            var oauth_version = "1.0";
            var oauth_signature_method = "HMAC-SHA1";

            // unique request details
            var oauth_nonce = Convert.ToBase64String(
                new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString()));
            var timeSpan = DateTime.UtcNow
                - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
            var oauth_timestamp = Convert.ToInt64(timeSpan.TotalSeconds).ToString();

            // message api details
            var status = "Updating status via REST API if this works";
            //var resource_url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json";
            var resource_url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json";
            var screen_name = "nikogamulin";
            // create oauth signature

            var baseFormat = "oauth_consumer_key={0}&oauth_nonce={1}&oauth_signature_method={2}" +
                            "&oauth_timestamp={3}&oauth_token={4}&oauth_version={5}";

            var baseString = string.Format(baseFormat,
                                        oauth_consumer_key,
                                        oauth_nonce,
                                        oauth_signature_method,
                                        oauth_timestamp,
                                        oauth_token,
                                        oauth_version
                                        );



            baseString = string.Concat("GET&", Uri.EscapeDataString(resource_url), "&", Uri.EscapeDataString(baseString));

            var compositeKey = string.Concat(Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_consumer_secret),
                                    "&", Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_token_secret));

            string oauth_signature;
            using (HMACSHA1 hasher = new HMACSHA1(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(compositeKey)))
            {
                oauth_signature = Convert.ToBase64String(
                    hasher.ComputeHash(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(baseString)));
            }

            // create the request header
            var headerFormat = "OAuth oauth_consumer_key=\"{3}\", oauth_nonce=\"{0}\", oauth_signature=\"{5}\", oauth_signature_method=\"{1}\", " +
                               "oauth_timestamp=\"{2}\",  " +
                               "oauth_token=\"{4}\", " +
                               "oauth_version=\"{6}\"";

            var authHeader = string.Format(headerFormat,
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_nonce),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_signature_method),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_timestamp),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_consumer_key),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_token),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_signature),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_version)
                            );


            // make the request

            ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;

            var postBody = "screen_name=" + Uri.EscapeDataString(screen_name);//
            resource_url += "?q=" + query;
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(resource_url);
            request.Headers.Add("Authorization", authHeader);
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";


            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            string responseData = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
        }

在尝试运行代码时,我在 request.GetResponse() 处遇到异常:

The remote server returned an error: (401) Unauthorized.

我尝试使用相同的代码来获取用户状态(“https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json”)并且效果很好。有谁知道是什么导致了异常?

编辑

我尝试运行以下 curl 命令,它也运行良好:

curl --get 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json' --data 'q=ENGAGE' --header 'Authorization: OAuth oauth_consumer_key="xxx", oauth_nonce="xxx", oauth_signature="xxx", oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp="xxx", oauth_token="xxx", oauth_version="1.0"' --verbose

我尝试创建等效的 WebRequest 对象,但未能成功运行它。如果可能的话,如果有人能展示如何制作与上述 curl 命令发出相同请求的 WebRequest 对象,我将不胜感激。

谢谢!

【问题讨论】:

标签: .net twitter twitter-oauth


【解决方案1】:

解决了这个问题。事实证明,基本字符串中的参数顺序很重要。其他 Twitter API GET 请求也是如此。

这是一个正确的基本字符串示例:

var baseFormat = "oauth_consumer_key={0}&oauth_nonce={1}&oauth_signature_method={2}" +
                            "&oauth_timestamp={3}&oauth_token={4}&oauth_version={5}&q={6}";

            var baseString = string.Format(baseFormat,
                                        oauth_consumer_key,
                                        oauth_nonce,
                                        oauth_signature_method,
                                        oauth_timestamp,
                                        oauth_token,
                                        oauth_version,
                                        query
                                        );

而以下返回 401 Unauthorized:

var baseFormat = "q={6}&oauth_consumer_key={0}&oauth_nonce={1}&oauth_signature_method={2}" +
                            "&oauth_timestamp={3}&oauth_token={4}&oauth_version={5}";

            var baseString = string.Format(baseFormat,
                                        oauth_consumer_key,
                                        oauth_nonce,
                                        oauth_signature_method,
                                        oauth_timestamp,
                                        oauth_token,
                                        oauth_version,
                                        query
                                        );

下面是返回搜索结果的完整工作方法:

private void searchTweetsWithQuery(string query)
        {
            var oauth_token = xxx;
            var oauth_token_secret = xxx;
            var oauth_consumer_key = xxx;
            var oauth_consumer_secret = xxx;

            // oauth implementation details
            var oauth_version = "1.0";
            var oauth_signature_method = "HMAC-SHA1";

            // unique request details
            var oauth_nonce = Convert.ToBase64String(
                new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString()));
            var timeSpan = DateTime.UtcNow
                - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
            var oauth_timestamp = Convert.ToInt64(timeSpan.TotalSeconds).ToString();

            // message api details
            var status = "Updating status via REST API if this works";
            //working example: https://dev.twitter.com/discussions/12758
            var resource_url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json";
            var screen_name = "ENGAGEinterreg";
            // create oauth signature

            var baseFormat = "oauth_consumer_key={0}&oauth_nonce={1}&oauth_signature_method={2}" +
                            "&oauth_timestamp={3}&oauth_token={4}&oauth_version={5}&q={6}";

            var baseString = string.Format(baseFormat,
                                        oauth_consumer_key,
                                        oauth_nonce,
                                        oauth_signature_method,
                                        oauth_timestamp,
                                        oauth_token,
                                        oauth_version,
                                        query
                                        );



            baseString = string.Concat("GET&", Uri.EscapeDataString(resource_url), "&", Uri.EscapeDataString(baseString));

            var compositeKey = string.Concat(Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_consumer_secret),
                                    "&", Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_token_secret));

            string oauth_signature;
            using (HMACSHA1 hasher = new HMACSHA1(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(compositeKey)))
            {
                oauth_signature = Convert.ToBase64String(
                    hasher.ComputeHash(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(baseString)));
            }

            // create the request header
            var headerFormat = "OAuth oauth_consumer_key=\"{3}\", oauth_nonce=\"{0}\", oauth_signature=\"{5}\", oauth_signature_method=\"{1}\", " +
                               "oauth_timestamp=\"{2}\",  " +
                               "oauth_token=\"{4}\", " +
                               "oauth_version=\"{6}\"";

            var authHeader = string.Format(headerFormat,
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_nonce),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_signature_method),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_timestamp),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_consumer_key),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_token),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_signature),
                                    Uri.EscapeDataString(oauth_version)
                            );


            // make the request

            ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;

            var postBody = "screen_name=" + Uri.EscapeDataString(screen_name);//
            resource_url += "?q=" + query;
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(resource_url);
            request.Headers.Add("Authorization", authHeader);
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";


            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            string responseData = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
        }

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