选择期间出现死锁异常答案

【问题标题】：Deadlock Exception during select选择期间出现死锁异常
【发布时间】：2020-06-07 13:22:34
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试解决使用 JPA 运行的 spring-boot 应用程序中的死锁异常。我在 Spring Boot 日志中收到以下错误。

24 Feb 2020 10:04:11.382 [WARN ] {pool-10-thread-4} [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] SQL Warning Code: 0, SQLState: null
24 Feb 2020 10:04:11.382 [WARN ] {pool-10-thread-4} [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] [TDS Driver]#9 Done Error
24 Feb 2020 10:04:11.521 [WARN ] {pool-10-thread-10} [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] SQL Error: 1205, SQLState: 40000
24 Feb 2020 10:04:11.521 [ERROR] {pool-10-thread-10} [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] [HLKVM-SQL14]Transaction (Process ID 724) was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim. Rerun the transaction. 
Msg 1205, Level 13, State 51, Line 1, Sqlstate 40000

当我转到 SSMS 日志并查看死锁错误报告时，我看到以下内容

 <victim-list>
  <victimProcess id="process255c1703468" />
 </victim-list>
 <process-list>
  <process id="process255c1703468" taskpriority="0" logused="1512" waitresource="KEY: 152:72057594042449920 (350aa4acce8b)" waittime="2342" ownerId="357788483" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:27.493" XDES="0x2591c278428" lockMode="S" schedulerid="4" kpid="8188" status="suspended" spid="724" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" trancount="1" lastbatchstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.097" lastbatchcompleted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.090" lastattention="1900-01-01T00:00:00.090" clientapp="i-net MERLIA" hostname="DEV-sajith" hostpid="8" loginname="hlk_sajith" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="357788483" currentdb="152" currentdbname="hlk_core_sajith3" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671088672" clientoption2="128056">
   <executionStack>
    <frame procname="adhoc" line="1" stmtstart="78" stmtend="370" sqlhandle="0x020000006418f807081a3d3e4efe882724f1493cc0b489990000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
unknown    </frame>
    <frame procname="mssqlsystemresource.sys.sp_execute" line="1" stmtstart="-1" sqlhandle="0x0400ff7f47dacef5010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
sp_execute    </frame>
   </executionStack>
   <inputbuf>
(@p1 nvarchar(4000),@p2 nvarchar(4000))select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type= @p1  and (forcedid0_.forced_id in ( @p2 ))   </inputbuf>
  </process>
  <process id="process25566f26ca8" taskpriority="0" logused="1512" waitresource="KEY: 152:72057594042449920 (350aa4acce8b)" waittime="2342" ownerId="357788469" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:27.487" XDES="0x25a9e868428" lockMode="S" schedulerid="3" kpid="5588" status="suspended" spid="617" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" trancount="1" lastbatchstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.090" lastbatchcompleted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.080" lastattention="1900-01-01T00:00:00.080" clientapp="i-net MERLIA" hostname="DEV-sajith" hostpid="4" loginname="hlk_sajith" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="357788469" currentdb="152" currentdbname="hlk_core_sajith3" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671088672" clientoption2="128056">
   <executionStack>
    <frame procname="adhoc" line="1" stmtstart="78" stmtend="370" sqlhandle="0x020000006418f807081a3d3e4efe882724f1493cc0b489990000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
unknown    </frame>
    <frame procname="mssqlsystemresource.sys.sp_execute" line="1" stmtstart="-1" sqlhandle="0x0400ff7f47dacef5010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
sp_execute    </frame>
   </executionStack>
   <inputbuf>
(@p1 nvarchar(4000),@p2 nvarchar(4000))select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type= @p1  and (forcedid0_.forced_id in ( @p2 ))   </inputbuf>
  </process>
  <process id="process256ead0f088" taskpriority="0" logused="1512" waitresource="KEY: 152:72057594042449920 (ba121720a3f7)" waittime="155" ownerId="357788485" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:27.500" XDES="0x2591c200428" lockMode="S" schedulerid="1" kpid="10448" status="suspended" spid="743" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" trancount="1" lastbatchstarted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.090" lastbatchcompleted="2020-02-24T10:03:58.080" lastattention="1900-01-01T00:00:00.080" clientapp="i-net MERLIA" hostname="DEV-sajith" hostpid="10" loginname="hlk_sajith" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="357788485" currentdb="152" currentdbname="hlk_core_sajith3" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671088672" clientoption2="128056">
   <executionStack>
    <frame procname="adhoc" line="1" stmtstart="78" stmtend="370" sqlhandle="0x020000006418f807081a3d3e4efe882724f1493cc0b489990000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
unknown    </frame>
    <frame procname="mssqlsystemresource.sys.sp_execute" line="1" stmtstart="-1" sqlhandle="0x0400ff7f47dacef5010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
sp_execute    </frame>
   </executionStack>
   <inputbuf>
(@p1 nvarchar(4000),@p2 nvarchar(4000))select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type= @p1  and (forcedid0_.forced_id in ( @p2 ))   </inputbuf>
  </process>
 </process-list>
 <resource-list>
  <keylock hobtid="72057594042449920" dbid="152" objectname="hlk_core_sajith3.dbo.hfj_forced_id" indexname="PK__hfj_forc__DD37D91A6B9E67CF" id="lock25928f5fc00" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594042449920">
   <owner-list>
    <owner id="process25566f26ca8" mode="S" requestType="wait" />
   </owner-list>
   <waiter-list>
    <waiter id="process255c1703468" mode="S" requestType="wait" />
   </waiter-list>
  </keylock>
  <keylock hobtid="72057594042449920" dbid="152" objectname="hlk_core_sajith3.dbo.hfj_forced_id" indexname="PK__hfj_forc__DD37D91A6B9E67CF" id="lock25928f5fc00" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594042449920">
   <owner-list>
    <owner id="process256ead0f088" mode="X" />
   </owner-list>
   <waiter-list>
    <waiter id="process25566f26ca8" mode="S" requestType="wait" />
   </waiter-list>
  </keylock>
  <keylock hobtid="72057594042449920" dbid="152" objectname="hlk_core_sajith3.dbo.hfj_forced_id" indexname="PK__hfj_forc__DD37D91A6B9E67CF" id="lock256b4736500" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594042449920">
   <owner-list>
    <owner id="process255c1703468" mode="X" />
   </owner-list>
   <waiter-list>
    <waiter id="process256ead0f088" mode="S" requestType="wait" />
   </waiter-list>
  </keylock>
 </resource-list>
</deadlock>

奇怪的是它似乎在多个选择查询期间锁定，而我认为这应该只在选择 - 插入/更新期间发生

更新：

基于下面的 cmets，我还添加了 Hibernate 查询日志，它实际上显示了一堆并行发生的插入和选择

Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_resource (res_deleted_at, res_version, forced_id_pid, has_tags, res_published, res_updated, sp_has_links, hash_sha256, sp_index_status, res_language, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present, sp_coords_present, sp_date_present, sp_number_present, sp_quantity_present, sp_string_present, sp_token_present, sp_uri_present, res_profile, res_type, res_ver, res_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into hfj_forced_id (forced_id, resource_pid, resource_type, pid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: update hfj_resource set res_deleted_at=?, res_version=?, forced_id_pid=?, has_tags=?, res_published=?, res_updated=?, sp_has_links=?, hash_sha256=?, sp_index_status=?, res_language=?, sp_cmpstr_uniq_present=?, sp_coords_present=?, sp_date_present=?, sp_number_present=?, sp_quantity_present=?, sp_string_present=?, sp_token_present=?, sp_uri_present=?, res_profile=?, res_type=?, res_ver=? where res_id=? and res_ver=?
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))
Hibernate: select forcedid0_.resource_pid as col_0_0_ from hfj_forced_id forcedid0_ where forcedid0_.resource_type=? and (forcedid0_.forced_id in (?))

有人对解决这个问题有任何见解吗？

【问题讨论】：

死锁显示排他键锁，表明之前的插入/更新/删除语句已由会话执行，尚未提交。另外，我看到所有参数类型都是nvarchar(4000)，建议使用默认字符串类型而不是匹配实际的 SQL 类型。 ORM 在这方面臭名昭著，可能会导致严重的性能问题，尤其是对于 varchar 列和旧版 SQL 排序规则。
啊，有趣，@DanGuzman，所以实际上导致死锁的上一个事务没有出现在进程列表中？你的猜测也是正确的，我使用的是 ORM
不是前一个事务，同一个事务中的前一个数据修改语句。

标签： sql sql-server spring-data-jpa sql-server-2019

【解决方案1】：

根据cmets的评论，作者做了一些进一步的研究，通过将隔离级别设置为READ_UNCOMMITED绕过了实际的死锁

https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/isolation-levels-in-sql-server

虽然不建议每个用例都这样做，但对于这个特定场景来说已经足够了

【讨论】：