如何从 SQL Server 存储过程返回值并在 Access VBA 中使用它们

Question

我在 SQL Server 中设置了一个运行良好的存储过程。我现在可以从 VBA 调用它，但想返回一个值以了解是否有任何错误等。我的 SP 中的最后一个参数设置为 OUTPUT：

@DataSetID int = 0,
@Destination char(1)='-',
@errStatusOK bit OUTPUT

下面是我调用 SP 的 VBA，但现在无法正常工作，添加新参数后我不确定哪里出错了，我不断收到3708 - Parameter object is improperly defined. Inconsistent or incomplete information was provided.：

Set cnn = New adodb.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = 
   "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New adodb.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@errStatusOK", adBit, adParamReturnValue)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open cmd

如何让 vba 与 OUTPUT 参数一起工作并使 vba 的返回值“可读”。

编辑 - 我已将问题更改为更具体地关于返回值，而不仅仅是关于使用 OUTPUT 参数。

Answer 1

Set cnn = New adodb.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = 
   "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New adodb.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param1 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param2 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param3 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@errStatusOK", adBit, adParamOutput, , adParamReturnValue)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open cmd

Answer 2

使用 VBA 获取值的方法有多种。

1. 唱片集
2. 受影响的记录数（仅适用于插入/更新/删除，否则为 -1）
3. 输出参数
4. 返回值

我的代码演示了所有四个。这是一个返回值的存储过程：

Create PROCEDURE CheckExpedite
    @InputX  varchar(10),
    @InputY int,
    @HasExpedite int out
AS
BEGIN
    Select @HasExpedite = 9 from <Table>
    where Column2 = @InputX and Column3 = @InputY

    If @HasExpedite = 9
        Return 2
    Else
        Return 3
End

这是我在 Excel VBA 中使用的子程序。您需要参考 Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects 2.8 Library。

Sub CheckValue()

    Dim InputX As String: InputX = "6000"
    Dim InputY As Integer: InputY = 2014

    'open connnection
    Dim ACon As New Connection
    'ACon.Open ("Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=<SqlServer>;" & _
    '    "Initial Catalog=<Table>;Integrated Security=SSPI")

    'set command
    Dim ACmd As New Command
    Set ACmd.ActiveConnection = ACon
    ACmd.CommandText = "CheckExpedite"
    ACmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc

    'Return value must be first parameter else you'll get error from too many parameters
    'Procedure or function "Name" has too many arguments specified.
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("ReturnValue", adInteger, adParamReturnValue)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("InputX", adVarChar, adParamInput, 10, InputX)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("InputY", adInteger, adParamInput, 6, InputY)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("HasExpedite", adInteger, adParamOutput)

    Dim RS As Recordset
    Dim RecordsAffected As Long

    'execute query that returns value
    Call ACmd.Execute(RecordsAffected:=RecordsAffected, Options:=adExecuteNoRecords)

    'execute query that returns recordset
    'Set RS = ACmd.Execute(RecordsAffected:=RecordsAffected)

    'get records affected, return value and output parameter
    Debug.Print "Records affected: " & RecordsAffected
    Debug.Print "Return value: " & ACmd.Parameters("ReturnValue")
    Debug.Print "Output param: " & ACmd.Parameters("HasExpedite")

    'use record set here
    '...

    'close
    If Not RS Is Nothing Then RS.Close
    ACon.Close

End Sub

Answer 3

我最初查看了 OUTPUT 参数，但找不到如何将它们返回到 Access（在 VBA 中）然后向用户提供反馈。一位同事建议在存储过程中使用 SELECT 并使用它。

存储过程： 最后添加以下内容：

SELECT @errStatusOK as errStatusOK, @countCurrent as countCurrent, @countHistorical as countHistorical

VBA：

Dim cnn As ADODB.Connection
Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command, rs As New ADODB.Recordset, param As New ADODB.Parameter
Dim fld As ADODB.Field
Dim stMessage As String

Set cnn = New ADODB.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New ADODB.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param = cmd.CreateParameter("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
'rs.Open cmd
Set rs = cmd.Execute
If rs!errstatusok = True Then
    stMessage = "Operation appears to have been successful, check the DataSets Listing..." & Chr(13) & "Also, the Server returned the following information: ["
Else
    stMessage = "Operation appears to have failed, check the DataSets Listing..." & Chr(13) & "Also, the Server returned the following information: ["
End If
For Each fld In rs.Fields
    stMessage = stMessage & "| " & fld.Name & " / " & fld.Value & " |"
Next fld
stMessage = stMessage & "]"

MsgBox stMessage

这将返回以下内容： Operation appears to have failed, check the DataSets Listing... Also, the Server returned the following information: [| errStatusOK / False || countCurrent / 0 || countHistorical / 10 |]

Answer 4

在获取“adParamInput”的其他参数枚举中，另一个是“adParamOutput”，它表示存储过程的输出参数，“adParamInputOutput”表示“双向”的参数，因为它是。在你的情况下，我相信“adParamOutput”是合适的。我希望这就是你要找的。