User.Identity.Name 在我的 ASP.NET Core Web API 中为空

Question

我已经在一个项目中添加了 ASP.NET Core 身份和 Identity Server4 和一个数据库，我想在所有其他项目中使用我的身份服务器。

IdentityServer4 启动类

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Config { get; set; }

    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                     .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                     .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false)
                     .Build();

        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        IdentityModelEventSource.ShowPII = true;

        //=== Identity Config ===
        string ConnectionString = Config.GetSection("AppSettings:DefaultConnection").Value;
        var migrationAssembly = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;

        //-----------------------------------------------------------------
        services.AddDbContext<MyIdentityDbContext>(options =>
             options.UseSqlServer(ConnectionString, sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationAssembly)));

        //-----------------------------------------------------------------
        services.AddIdentity<MyIdentityUser, IdentityRole>(op =>
        {
            op.Password.RequireDigit = false;
            op.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
            op.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
            op.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
            op.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
        })
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<MyIdentityDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

        //=== IdentityServer4 config ===
        services.AddIdentityServer(options =>
        {
            options.Events.RaiseErrorEvents = true;
            options.Events.RaiseInformationEvents = true;
            options.Events.RaiseFailureEvents = true;
            options.Events.RaiseSuccessEvents = true;
        })
            .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
            .AddConfigurationStore(options =>
            {
                options.ConfigureDbContext = b => b.UseSqlServer(ConnectionString, sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationAssembly));
            })
            .AddOperationalStore(options =>
            {
                options.ConfigureDbContext = b => b.UseSqlServer(ConnectionString, sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationAssembly));
            })
            .AddAspNetIdentity<MyIdentityUser>();

        services.AddMvc(options => options.EnableEndpointRouting = false);
        services.AddAuthorization();
        services.AddControllers();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthorization();
        app.UseIdentityServer();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllers();
        });
    }
}

我的配置类，我用它作为我的身份数据库的种子：

public class Config
{
    public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
    {
        return new List<IdentityResource>
        {
            new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
            new IdentityResources.Email(),
            new IdentityResources.Profile(),
        };
    }

    public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApis()
    {
        return new List<ApiResource>
        {
            new ApiResource("MyAPI", "My asp.net core web api"),
        };
    }

    public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
    {
        return new List<Client>
        {
            new Client()
            {
                 ClientId = "MyAndroidApp",
                 ClientName = "My Application for Android",
                 AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
                 ClientSecrets =
                 {
                    new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                 },
                 AllowedScopes=
                 {
                     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Email,
                     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Address,
                     "MyAPI"
                 },
            },
        };
    }
}

我在我的 IdentityServer4&Identity 项目的用户控制器中使用以下操作方法注册了一个角色为 Admin 的用户

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Post([FromBody]SignUpModel model)
{                               
    MydentityUser NewUser = new MydentityUser ()
            {
                UserName = model.UserName,
            };
    IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(NewUser, model.Password);

    if (result.Succeeded)
    {
        if (!RoleManager.RoleExistsAsync("Admin").Result)
        {
            IdentityResult r = RoleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole("Admin")).Result;
            r = RoleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole("Member")).Result;
            r = RoleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole("Guest")).Result;
        }

        result = await UserManager.AddToRoleAsync(NewUser, "Admin");

        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            List<Claim> UserClaims = new List<Claim>() {
                    new Claim("userName", NewUser.UserName),
                    new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Role, "Admin"),
                };

            result = await UserManager.AddClaimsAsync(NewUser, UserClaims.ToArray());
            return Ok("Registered");
        }
    }            
}

现在我有另一个 ASP.NET Web API 项目，我想在我的 android 应用程序中使用这个 api。

我的创业课

public class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddAuthentication(IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
            .AddJwtBearer(options =>
            {
                options.Authority = "https://identity.mywebsite.ir";
                options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                options.Audience = "MyAPI";                    
            });
         //I used below but not work too
        //.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
        //{
        //    options.Authority = "https://identity.mywebsite.ir";
        //    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
        //    options.ApiName = "MyAPI";
        //    options.NameClaimType = ClaimTypes.Name;
        //    options.RoleClaimType = ClaimTypes.Role;                    
        //});

        services.AddOptions();
        string cs = Configuration["AppSettings:DefaultConnection"];
        services.AddDbContext<MyApiContext>(options =>
        {
            options.UseSqlServer(cs,
                sqlServerOptions =>
                {
                    sqlServerOptions.MigrationsAssembly("MyApi.Database");
                });
        });

        services.AddControllers();

        services.AddCors(options =>
        {
            options.AddPolicy("default", policy =>
            {
                policy.WithOrigins("*")
                    .AllowAnyHeader()
                    .AllowAnyMethod();
            });
        });
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        app.UseRouting();
        app.UseCors("default");
        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllers();
        });
    }
}

我的问题是当我在另一个项目中使用带有 ASP.NET Core Identity 的用户身份验证时，如何在我的 Webapi 中找到 userId，

我的两个项目（我的 webapi 和身份服务器和身份项目）中有以下操作方法。我从 /connect/token 地址获取了来自 android 应用程序的令牌，并在我的请求中发送了访问令牌。

public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
    public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
    {            
        string message = "";

        if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
        {
            message += "You are Registered ";
        }
        else
        {
            message += "You are not Registered ";
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(User.Identity.Name))
        {
            message += "UserId is null";
        }
        else
        {
            message += "UserId is not null";
        }

        return Ok(message);
    }
}

我收到这条消息：

你没有注册 UserId 为空

如何在我的 WebAPI 中访问我的 UserId？为什么 User.Identity.Name 为空？为什么User.Identity.Claims.Count 0？

编辑

我已经在 jwt.io 网站输入了访问令牌，这是输出

{
  "nbf": 1587133648,
  "exp": 1587137248,
  "iss": "https://identity.mywebsite.ir",
  "aud": "MyAPI",
  "client_id": "MyAndroidApp",
  "sub": "7e904278-78cc-46a8-9943-51dfeb360d8e",// I want this in my api but i get null
  "auth_time": 1587133648,
  "idp": "local",
  "scope": [
    "openid",
    "MyAPI"
  ],
  "amr": [
    "pwd"
  ]
}

MyApi 启动类

 public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(options =>
            {
                options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
            })

        .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.Authority = "https://identity.mywebsite.ir";
                options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
            options.ApiName = "MyAPI";
            });

            services.AddOptions();
            string cs = Configuration["AppSettings:DefaultConnection"];
            services.AddDbContext<MyCommonDbContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseSqlServer(cs,
                    sqlServerOptions =>
                    {
                        sqlServerOptions.MigrationsAssembly("MyAppProjectName");
                    });
            });
            services.AddDbContext<MyAppContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseSqlServer(cs,
                    sqlServerOptions =>
                    {
                        sqlServerOptions.MigrationsAssembly("MyAppProjectName");
                    });
            });

            services.AddControllers();

            services.AddCors(options =>
            {
                options.AddPolicy("default", policy =>
                {
                    policy.WithOrigins("http://*.mywebsite.ir")
                        .AllowAnyHeader()
                        .AllowAnyMethod();
                });
            });
        }
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseCors("default");
            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseAuthorization();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
    }

Answer 1

在我的情况下，问题在于我没有将 UserClaims 添加到 ApiResources，所以我更改了播种 ApiResource 方法，如下所示，并添加了声明，

public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApis()
        {

            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource("MyAPI", "My Asp.net core WebApi,the best Webapi!"){
                    UserClaims =
                    {
                        JwtClaimTypes.Name,
                        JwtClaimTypes.Subject,
                        JwtClaimTypes.Role,
                    }
                },
            };
        }

现在我将使用以下代码获取 UserId 和 UserName

    public static class ClaimsPrincipalExtensions
    {
        public static string GetSub(this ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            return principal?.FindFirst(x => x.Type.Equals("sub"))?.Value;
        }
        public static string GetEmail(this ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            return principal?.FindFirst(x => x.Type.Equals("email"))?.Value;
        }
    }

获取用户ID

string UserId=User.GetSub();

Answer 2

在 ConfigureServices 的“MyApi”startup.cs 文件中：

1- 确保在 AddAuthentication 之前执行这行代码： JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultInboundClaimTypeMap.Clear();

因为（感谢 microsoft -_-）默认​​情况下，名称的声明类型映射是：

http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/name（名称或类似名称）

http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role。 （针对角色）

http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/nameidentifier（用于 id）

因此，您需要清除此映射，因为在您的令牌中，声明类型是 jwt 标准、sub == userid，并且您暂时不会根据您共享的令牌嵌入名称或角色

顺便说一句，我通常使用这部分代码：

services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
                .AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options =>
                {
                    options.Authority = "";
                    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = true;
                    options.Audience = "myapi";
                    options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        NameClaimType = "name",
                        RoleClaimType = "role",
                    };
                });

你只需要这部分：

                        options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        NameClaimType = "name",
                        RoleClaimType = "role",
                    };

顺便说一句，keep require https 设置为 true 而不是 false。

对于 UserId，我认为只清除默认的入站类型就足够了。

---

我不确定您是否真的需要第二步，但请仔细检查：

2- 确保 AuthenticationScheme 值为“Bearer”： options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;

3-在IdentityServer4启动中

请在 UseRouting 之后保留 UseAuthentication 而不是之前（这与您的问题无关，但我刚刚注意到）