Python3 ImportError：Ubuntu 上没有名为“_tkinter”的模块

Question

Python3的当前版本是3.5.2，当我导入matplotlib时它重新调整了以下错误

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 115, in <module>
    _backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab_setup()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/__init__.py", line 32, in pylab_setup
    globals(),locals(),[backend_name],0)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 6, in <module>
    from six.moves import tkinter as Tk
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/six.py", line 92, in __get__
    result = self._resolve()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/six.py", line 115, in _resolve
    return _import_module(self.mod)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/six.py", line 82, in _import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/tkinter/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ImportError: No module named '_tkinter'

并导入 tkinter

Python 3.5.2 (default, Jan 19 2017, 11:29:22)
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/tkinter/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ImportError: No module named '_tkinter'
>>>

tkinter 好像已经安装好了。

我已经安装了 tk 和 tcl by

sudo apt-get install tk-dev
sudo apt-get install tk8.6-dev

操作系统是 Ubuntu 14.04。

我认为这是没有在 Python3 上配置 TK 的原因，但我不确定。很多人说我应该用 tk 重建和重新安装 Python3，但我认为这不是解决这个问题的优雅方法。

我该如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

如果您在使用 matplotlib 后端时遇到问题，请尝试选择其他后端。
Matplotlib 适用于许多不同的场景和用途。
在 Linux 上，我使用以下代码来选择哪个后端可用并且首先工作。

import matplotlib
gui_env = ['TKAgg','GTKAgg','Qt4Agg','WXAgg']
for gui in gui_env:
    try:
        matplotlib.use(gui,warn=False, force=True)
        from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
        break
    except:
        continue

或如果您要创建图像文件而不是显示它

用途：

matplotlib.use('agg')
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

编辑：
根据你的 cmets 试试这个，看看你是否得到了有效的结果。

import matplotlib
gui_env = [i for i in matplotlib.rcsetup.interactive_bk]
print ("I will test for", gui_env)
for gui in gui_env:
    print ("testing", gui)
    try:
        matplotlib.use(gui,warn=False, force=True)
        from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
        print ("    ",gui, "Is Available")
        plt.plot([1.5,2.0,2.5])
        fig = plt.gcf()
        fig.suptitle(gui)
        plt.show()
        print ("Using ..... ",matplotlib.get_backend())
    except:
        print ("    ",gui, "Not found")