tkinter 和 matplotlib 画布显示，但不显示导航工具栏和图形标题

Question

我正在创建一个将 matplotlib 合并到 tkinter 中的程序。该程序的大部分工作包括显示图形的画布，但是，图形标题、导航工具栏和 xy 图例不显示。我想知道的代码部分就在脚本的底部：

toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg( canvas, root ) 
toolbar.update() 
canvas._tkcanvas.grid(row=9,column=0)
plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Graph')
plt.show()

有人有什么建议吗？任何帮助将不胜感激！

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as Tk
import numpy as np
import math
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
from matplotlib.backend_bases import key_press_handler
import sys


root = Tk.Tk()

#Interface-----------------------------------------------------------

title_label = Button(root,text = "Add graph title", padx=2,pady=2)
xlabel = Button(root,text =      "Add X values    ", padx=2,pady=2)
ylabel = Button(root,text =      "Add Y values    ", padx=2,pady=2)
nameXaxis = Button(root,text =   "Name X axis      ", padx=2,pady=2)
nameYaxis = Button(root,text =   "Name Y axis      ", padx=2,pady=2)
meanLabel = Button(root,text = "Mean          ")
stderrorLabel = Button(root,text = "StdError:     ")

barGraph = Button(root,text = "Bar Graph  ",fg = "red", padx=2,pady=2)
lineGraph = Button(root,text = "Line Graph", fg = "red",padx=2,pady=2)
pieGraph = Button(root,text = "Pie Graph  ",fg = "red",padx=2,pady=2)

titleEntry = Entry(root)
xentry = Entry(root)
yentry = Entry(root)
nameXaxisEntry = Entry(root)
nameYaxisEntry = Entry(root)
meanText = Text(root,height=1,width=4)
stderrText = Text(root,height=1,width=4)        


title_label.grid(row = 0, column = 0,sticky = E)
xlabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = E)
ylabel.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = E)
nameXaxis.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = E)
nameYaxis.grid(row = 4, column = 0, sticky = E)

barGraph.grid(row = 0,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=W)
lineGraph.grid(row = 1,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=W)
pieGraph.grid(row = 2,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=W)

meanLabel.grid(row = 3,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=W)
stderrorLabel.grid(row = 4,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=W)                      


titleEntry.grid(row = 0, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=W)
xentry.grid(row = 1, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=W)
yentry.grid(row = 2, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=W)
nameXaxisEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=W)
nameYaxisEntry.grid(row = 4, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=W)
meanText.grid(row=3,column=3,sticky=W)
stderrText.grid(row=4,column=3,sticky=W)

# Adding line graph to Canvas--------------------------------------------


root.title("Naynts Graphs") 

fig = Figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100) 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig,root) 
canvas.show() 
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=7,column=0) 

toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg( canvas, root ) 
toolbar.update() 
canvas._tkcanvas.grid(row=9,column=0)

# Adding features to graph

plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Graph')
plt.show()


root.mainloop()

Answer 1

我知道这个答案可能来得有点晚，但我最近也偶然发现了这个问题，你可以这样做：

对于工具栏的问题，我可以参考这个问题： Displaying Matplotlib Navigation Toolbar in Tkinter via grid.

NavigationToolbar 在内部调用 .pack() 并且 pack() 和 grid() 不能一起工作。但是你可以在你的根框架上创建一个 Tk.Frame 并在其中打包工具栏：

toolbar_frame = Tk.Frame(root)
toolbar_frame.grid(row=9,column=0)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, toolbar_frame) 
toolbar.update() 

如果要显示轴标签，请调用 plt.figure 而不是 Figure。这在我的情况下有效：

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100) 

您编写代码的方式不适用于我的设置，因此我进行了一些其他更改。结果如下所示：

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
#from matplotlib.figure import Figure
#from Tkinter import *
import Tkinter as Tk
#import numpy as np
#import math
#import matplotlib
#matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
#from matplotlib.backend_bases import key_press_handler
#import sys


root = Tk.Tk()

#Interface-----------------------------------------------------------

title_label = Tk.Button(root,text = "Add graph title", padx=2,pady=2)
xlabel = Tk.Button(root,text =      "Add X values    ", padx=2,pady=2)
ylabel = Tk.Button(root,text =      "Add Y values    ", padx=2,pady=2)
nameXaxis = Tk.Button(root,text =   "Name X axis      ", padx=2,pady=2)
nameYaxis = Tk.Button(root,text =   "Name Y axis      ", padx=2,pady=2)
meanLabel = Tk.Button(root,text = "Mean          ")
stderrorLabel = Tk.Button(root,text = "StdError:     ")

barGraph = Tk.Button(root,text = "Bar Graph  ",fg = "red", padx=2,pady=2)
lineGraph = Tk.Button(root,text = "Line Graph", fg = "red",padx=2,pady=2)
pieGraph = Tk.Button(root,text = "Pie Graph  ",fg = "red",padx=2,pady=2)

titleEntry = Tk.Entry(root)
xentry = Tk.Entry(root)
yentry = Tk.Entry(root)
nameXaxisEntry = Tk.Entry(root)
nameYaxisEntry = Tk.Entry(root)
meanText = Tk.Text(root,height=1,width=4)
stderrText = Tk.Text(root,height=1,width=4)        


title_label.grid(row = 0, column = 0,sticky = Tk.E)
xlabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = Tk.E)
ylabel.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = Tk.E)
nameXaxis.grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = Tk.E)
nameYaxis.grid(row = 4, column = 0, sticky = Tk.E)

barGraph.grid(row = 0,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=Tk.W)
lineGraph.grid(row = 1,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=Tk.W)
pieGraph.grid(row = 2,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=Tk.W)

meanLabel.grid(row = 3,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=Tk.W)
stderrorLabel.grid(row = 4,column = 1,ipadx=10,sticky=Tk.W)                      


titleEntry.grid(row = 0, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=Tk.W)
xentry.grid(row = 1, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=Tk.W)
yentry.grid(row = 2, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=Tk.W)
nameXaxisEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=Tk.W)
nameYaxisEntry.grid(row = 4, column = 0,ipadx=100,sticky=Tk.W)
meanText.grid(row=3,column=3,sticky=Tk.W)
stderrText.grid(row=4,column=3,sticky=Tk.W)

# Adding line graph to Canvas--------------------------------------------


root.title("Naynts Graphs") 

#fig = Figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100) 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig,root) 
canvas.show() 
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=7,column=0) 

toolbar_frame = Tk.Frame(root)
toolbar_frame.grid(row=9,column=0)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, toolbar_frame) 
toolbar.update() 
#canvas._tkcanvas.grid(row=9,column=0)

# Adding features to graph

plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Graph')
plt.show()

#root.mainloop()
Tk.mainloop()

我认为您使用了许多不必要的导入，这可能会相互冲突，对我来说就是这种情况 from Tkinter import * 和 import Tkinter as Tk。希望这会有所帮助！