使用 matplotlib 保存 2D 动画

Question

我有问题。我想保存动画情节的 mp4 gif。 这是我的代码：

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
import pylab as pl
from numpy import array, zeros, linspace, meshgrid



conc_profile2D_FDA = np.load('matrixFDA.npy')
conc_profile2D_FA = np.load('matrixFA.npy')
conc_profile2D_F = np.load('matrixF.npy')

x = np.linspace(0, 170, 55)
y = np.linspace(0, 7.25E-3, 51)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(y, x)

fig, axes = pl.subplots(1, 3) 


def animate(i): 
    Z = conc_profile2D_FDA[i,1:,:]
    Z1 = conc_profile2D_FA[i,1:,:]
    Z2 = conc_profile2D_F[i,1:,:]
    c = axes[0].contourf(X, Y, Z, 20, cmap='jet', vmin=0, vmax=0.000038)
    c1 = axes[1].contourf(X, Y, Z1, 20, cmap='jet', vmin=0, vmax=0.000004)
    c2 = axes[2].contourf(X, Y, Z2, 20, cmap='jet', vmin=0, vmax=0.0000007)



    return c
    return c1
    return c2

anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=202)
anim.save('animation.mp4', fps=60, dpi=600,)
plt.show()

plt.show()，正确显示实时图表，但是当我取消注释“anim.save”时，这是错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\Dropbox\uni\Magistrale chimica dei materiali\Tirocinio e tesi\lavoro_tesi\Animazione 2D.py", line 38, in <module>
anim.save('animation.mp4', fps=60, dpi=600,)
File "c:\env\diffusion\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 1251, in save
    with writer.saving(self._fig, filename, dpi):
File "c:\python27\Lib\contextlib.py", line 17, in __enter__
    return self.gen.next()
File "c:\env\diffusion\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 233, in saving
    self.setup(fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)
File "c:\env\diffusion\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 941, in setup
    raise ValueError("outfile must be *.htm or *.html")
ValueError: outfile must be *.htm or *.html

我尝试将扩展名从 .mp4 更改为 .html，但错误发生了变化：

Warning (from warnings module):
File "c:\env\diffusion\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\animation.py", line 1218
    warnings.warn("MovieWriter %s unavailable" % writer)
UserWarning: MovieWriter ffmpeg unavailable

我该怎么办？我在animation.Funcanimation 文档上读到扩展名.mp4 是可以的。 感谢您的回复！

Answer 1

使用 matplotlib 处理视频是基于对 ffmpeg 的调用。您需要安装该软件包。

如果您使用 Anaconda：conda install -c conda-forge ffmpeg.
如果您使用 Ubuntu（或衍生版本）：apt install ffmpeg。