如何对由“。”分隔的字符串列表进行排序中间还有数字？答案

【问题标题】：How to sort a list of strings delimited by '.' with also numbers in the middle?如何对由“。”分隔的字符串列表进行排序中间还有数字？
【发布时间】：2021-12-21 05:07:10
【问题描述】：

我有一个字符串列表，其中包含由点 . 分隔的命令，如下所示：

DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.11.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye,
DeviceB.CommandB.What,
DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello,
DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello,
DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What

我想按自然顺序排列它们：

顺序必须按字段索引优先（例如，以 DeviceA 开头的命令将始终排在 DeviceB 之前等）
按字母顺序排列字符串
当它找到一个按数字升序排序的数字时

因此，排序后的输出应该是：

DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandA.11.Hello,
DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye,
DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello,
DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello,
DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello,
DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.What,
DeviceB.CommandB.What

还要注意命令字段的长度是动态的，以点分隔的字段数可以是任意大小。

到目前为止，我试过这个没有运气（数字按字母顺序排列，例如 11 在 5 之前）：

list = [
    "DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandA.11.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye",
    "DeviceB.CommandB.What",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What"
]

sorted_list = sorted(list, key=lambda x: x.split('.'))

编辑：更正了拼写错误。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python python-2.7 sorting split

【解决方案1】：

这样的事情应该会让你继续前进。

from pprint import pprint

data_list = [
    "DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye",
    "DeviceB.CommandB.What",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.15.Hello",  # added test case to ensure numbers are sorted numerically
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello",
    "DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What",
]


def get_sort_key(s):
    # Turning the pieces to integers would fail some comparisons (1 vs "What")
    # so instead pad them on the left to a suitably long string
    return [
        bit.rjust(30, "0") if bit.isdigit() else bit
        for bit in s.split(".")
    ]


# Note the key function must be passed as a kwarg.
sorted_list = sorted(data_list, key=get_sort_key)

pprint(sorted_list)

输出是

['DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello',
 'DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello',
 'DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello',
 'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye',
 'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello',
 'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello',
 'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello',
 'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.15.Hello',
 'DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What',
 'DeviceB.CommandB.What']

【讨论】：

谢谢它似乎是正确的答案！

【解决方案2】：

在sorted 中指定key 似乎可以达到您想要的效果：

import re

def my_key(s):
    n = re.search("\d+",s)
    return (s[:n.span()[0]], int(n[0])) if n else (s,) 

print(sorted(l, key = my_key))

输出：

['DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello', 'DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello', 'DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello', 'DeviceA.CommandA.11.Hello', 'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello', 'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye', 'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello', 'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello', 'DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What', 'DeviceB.CommandB.What']

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

有很多方法可以实现这一点。这是一个不依赖于任何其他模块的导入：

LOS = ['DeviceA.CommandA.1.Hello',
       'DeviceA.CommandA.2.Hello',
       'DeviceA.CommandA.11.Hello',
       'DeviceA.CommandA.3.Hello',
       'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello',
       'DeviceA.CommandB.1.Bye',
       'DeviceB.CommandB.What',
       'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.1.Hello',
       'DeviceA.SubdeviceA.CommandB.2.Hello',
       'DeviceA.SubdeviceB.CommandA.1.What']


def func(s):
    tokens = s.split('.')
    for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
        try:
            v = int(token)
            return ('.'.join(tokens[0:i]), v)
        except ValueError:
            pass
    return (s, 0)


print(sorted(LOS, key=func))

【讨论】：