【问题标题】：TSQL Dynamic Pivot TableTSQL 动态数据透视表
【发布时间】：2014-10-16 20:21:35
【问题描述】：

我正在使用这样的选择语句...

SELECT FileYear, FileSemester, StudentID, AssessmentCode, AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, AssessResultsResult
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (assessmentCode LIKE '11%') AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade')

这给了我

FileYear  FileSemester   StudentID   assessmentCode   AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1  AssessResultsResult
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass1                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass2                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass3                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass1                       A
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass3                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass3                       
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Ass2                       
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass3                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass4                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Prelim

我想动态旋转数据以给我一些看起来像

FileYear  FileSemester  StudentID  AssessmentCode  Ass1  Ass2  Ass3  Ass4  Prelim 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014        2            41965       11ENGADV        C    C    C        
2014        2            41965       11HISANC        A    B    B        
2014        2            41965       11HISMOD        B    B    
2014        2            41965       11MATGEN        B    
2014        2            41965       11PEDPDH        B    B

请注意，它必须是动态的，因为评估点的数量可能会因学科和年份而异。

我已经查看了这方面的信息，并尝试将动态支点放在一起

DECLARE @DynamicPivotQuery AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @ColumnName AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @ColumnName= ISNULL(@ColumnName + ',','') + QUOTENAME(AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE '11%')) AS Courses


SET @DynamicPivotQuery = N'
SELECT FileYear,  FileSemester, StudentID, AssessmentCode, AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, AssessResultsResult
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')
    PIVOT
    (
    MAX(AssessResultsResult) 
          FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS PVTTable'

--Execute the Dynamic Pivot Query
EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicPivotQuery

我不断收到类似

的错误消息

消息 156，第 15 级，状态 1，第 5 行
关键字“PIVOT”附近的语法不正确。

我假设这是因为引号或 where 语句语法。我有点沮丧，只是想知道是否有人可以查看我的代码并告诉我如何动态旋转数据，以便它在列中而不是在单独的行中给出成绩。

任何帮助将不胜感激。

更新

非常感谢您的帮助。

我的代码现在看起来像...

DECLARE @DynamicPivotQuery AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @ColumnName AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @ColumnName= ISNULL(@ColumnName + ',','') + QUOTENAME(AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE '11%')) AS Courses

SET @DynamicPivotQuery = N'
SELECT 
FileYear,  
FileSemester, 
StudentID, 
AssessmentCode, 
AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, 
AssessResultsResult
FROM (
SELECT * FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) 
    AND (FileSemester = 2) 
    AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') 
    AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')) src
PIVOT (MAX(AssessResultsResult) FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS   PVTTable'

--Execute the Dynamic Pivot Query
EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicPivotQuery

当我运行它时，我得到了

Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 7
Invalid column name 'AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 8
Invalid column name 'AssessResultsResult'.

显然由于某种原因它无法识别这些字段。任何帮助将不胜感激。

【问题讨论】：

感谢 marc_s 编辑此内容。我有一些图片，但我没有经常使用这个网站，也没有足够的声誉点来添加它们。这看起来好多了。
我将您的编辑移至您的问题，因为它属于这里。除非您想更正它们，否则您不应编辑其他用户的答案。如果您想回复，您应该写评论或更新您的问题。
感谢列昂尼德。还在学习中...
感谢 Tomasito 提供以下代码。效果很好，但它仍然没有将所有数据放在一行中。对于每个等级，即使它是相同的评估代码，它也是在一个新的行中。我想要同一行上的一个评估代码的所有内容。这可能吗？
另外，我想要的不仅仅是学生证。我想要学生 ID，然后是评估代码，然后是 FileYear 和 FileSemester，然后是所有以 Ass 1 开头的数据。使用提供的代码，如果我尝试添加评估代码，它会被放在第一列并消失其他数据。任何帮助将不胜感激。

标签： sql-server tsql dynamic pivot

【解决方案1】：

试试：

SELECT StudentID, '+@ColumnName+'
FROM (
SELECT * FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) 
    AND (FileSemester = 2) 
    AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') 
    AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')) src
PIVOT (MAX(AssessResultsResult) FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS PVTTable

一般：SELECT * FROM (SELECT foo) AS Foo PIVOT ...

查看PIVOT的文档：

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;

GO
SELECT VendorID, [250] AS Emp1, [251] AS Emp2, [256] AS Emp3, [257] AS Emp4, [260] AS Emp5
FROM 
(SELECT PurchaseOrderID, EmployeeID, VendorID
FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader) AS p
PIVOT
(
COUNT (PurchaseOrderID)
FOR EmployeeID IN
( [250], [251], [256], [257], [260] )
) AS pvt
ORDER BY VendorID;

【讨论】：