在 PySide 中嵌入交互式 3D 图

Question

在 PySide GUI 中嵌入交互式 3D 绘图的最佳方式是什么？我在这里查看了一些嵌入 PySide GUI 中的 2D 图的示例：

Getting PySide to Work With Matplotlib
Matplotlib Interactive Graph Embedded In PyQt
Python/Matplotlib/Pyside Fast Timetrace Scrolling

但是，我正在寻找的功能并不完全相同。图形需要根据用户的鼠标输入进行旋转和缩放，就像在单独的窗口中绘制一样。

我试图避免手动输入并编写将鼠标单击+移动转换为图形旋转和画布重绘的函数——即使这是唯一的方法，我什至不知道该怎么做。但我认为（不是双关语）应该有一种方法可以重用已经存在的功能，以便在自己的窗口中创建 3D 绘图。

这是我的代码。它按预期工作，但情节不是交互式的。任何建议表示赞赏！

编辑：我根据tcaswell 的更正修正了FigureCanvas 的使用。我还从 matplotlib Event Handling and Picking 文档中添加了一些内容，以表明该图似乎在鼠标单击时获取了事件。

最终编辑：以下代码现在可以根据需要生成绘图。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PySide import QtCore, QtGui
import numpy as np

import matplotlib
import sys
# specify the use of PySide
matplotlib.rcParams['backend.qt4'] = "PySide"

# import the figure canvas for interfacing with the backend
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg \
                                                                as FigureCanvas

# import 3D plotting
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D    # @UnusedImport
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


# Auto-generated code from QT Designer ----------------------------------------

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(750, 497)
        self.centralwidget = QtGui.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.frame_2 = QtGui.QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtGui.QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtGui.QFrame.Raised)
        self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2")
        self.verticalLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self.frame_2)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.label = QtGui.QLabel(self.frame_2)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.label_2 = QtGui.QLabel(self.frame_2)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.label_2)
        self.lineEdit = QtGui.QLineEdit(self.frame_2)
        sizePolicy = QtGui.QSizePolicy(
                            QtGui.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(
                                self.lineEdit.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        self.lineEdit.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit)
        spacerItem = QtGui.QSpacerItem(
                20, 40, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.verticalLayout.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.frame_2)
        self.frame_plot = QtGui.QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.frame_plot.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(500, 0))
        self.frame_plot.setFrameShape(QtGui.QFrame.StyledPanel)
        self.frame_plot.setFrameShadow(QtGui.QFrame.Raised)
        self.frame_plot.setObjectName("frame_plot")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.frame_plot)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(QtGui.QApplication.translate(
            "MainWindow", "MainWindow", None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8))
        self.label.setText(QtGui.QApplication.translate("MainWindow",
                    "This is a qlabel.", None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8))
        self.label_2.setText(QtGui.QApplication.translate("MainWindow",
            "And this is another one.", None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8))
        self.lineEdit.setText(QtGui.QApplication.translate("MainWindow",
                    "Text goes here.", None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8))

# Auto-generated code from QT Designer ----------------------------------------

class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        # intialize the window
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)

        # create the matplotlib widget and put it in the frame on the right
        self.ui.plotWidget = Mpwidget(parent=self.ui.frame_plot)

class Mpwidget(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        self.figure = Figure(facecolor=(0, 0, 0))
        super(Mpwidget, self).__init__(self.figure)
        self.setParent(parent)

        # plot random 3D data
        self.axes = self.figure.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
        self.data = np.random.random((3, 100))
        self.axes.plot(self.data[0, :], self.data[1, :], self.data[2, :])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mw = MainWindow()
    mw.show()

    # adjust the frame size so that it fits right after the window is shown
    s = mw.ui.frame_plot.size()
    mw.ui.plotWidget.setGeometry(1, 1, s.width() - 2, s.height() - 2)

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

你没有使用FigureCanvas 对：

class Mpwidget(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        self.figure = Figure(facecolor=(0, 0, 0))
        super(Mpwidget, self).__init__(self.figure) # this object _is_ your canvas
        self.setParent(parent)

        # plot random 3D data
        self.axes = self.figure.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
        self.data = np.random.random((3, 100))
        self.axes.plot(self.data[0, :], self.data[1, :], self.data[2, :])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mw = MainWindow()
    mw.show()

    # adjust the frame size so that it fits right after the window is shown
    s = mw.ui.frame_plot.size()
    mw.ui.plotWidget.setGeometry(1, 1, s.width() - 2, s.height() - 2)

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

每次您调用 FigureCanvas(..) 时，您都会将图形附加到新画布（不是您看到的 FigureCanvas），因此回调从未触发（因为他们正在监听 FigureCanvas你看不见）。

Answer 2

1) 在添加轴之前创建FigureCanvas。见https://stackoverflow.com/a/9007892/3962328

canvas = FigureCanvas(fig)
ax = figure.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

或

class MyFigureCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self):
        self.figure = Figure()
        super(FigureCanvas, self).__init__(self.figure)
        self.axes = self.figure.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

2) 尝试 ax.mouse_init() 恢复连接：

...
ax = fig.gca(projection="3d")
...
canvas = FigureCanvas(fig)
ax.mouse_init()