R：将多个虚拟变量重新编码为一个变量，并将对应的虚拟值替换为变量名

Question

我有一个数据集，其中包含 14 个相互排斥的调用类型类别，全部编码为虚拟变量。这是一个小样本：

dput(df)
structure(list(MON1_12 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L), WEEK1_53 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), AGENT_ID = structure(c(3L, 
4L, 7L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 5L, 9L, 2L, 10L), .Label = c("A129", "A360", 
"A407", "B891", "D197", "L145", "L722", "O518", "T443", "W764"
), class = "factor"), CallsHandled = c(1L, 4L, 2L, 14L, 1L, 2L, 
5L, 1L, 1L, 3L), CONTENT = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L), CLAIMS = c(1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
CREDIT_CARD = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
DEDUCT_BILL = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
HCREFORM = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), .Names = c("MON1_12", 
"WEEK1_53", "AGENT_ID", "CallsHandled", "CONTENT", "CLAIMS", 
"CREDIT_CARD", "DEDUCT_BILL", "HCREFORM"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-10L))

我想将每个虚拟变量组合成一个名为“QUEUE”的新变量，该变量将“1”的值替换为相应虚拟变量的名称。这是一个示例：

dput(df2)
structure(list(MON1_12 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L), WEEK1_53 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), AGENT_ID = structure(c(3L, 
4L, 7L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 5L, 9L, 2L, 10L), .Label = c("A129", "A360", 
"A407", "B891", "D197", "L145", "L722", "O518", "T443", "W764"
), class = "factor"), CallsHandled = c(1L, 4L, 2L, 14L, 1L, 2L, 
5L, 1L, 1L, 3L), QUEUE = structure(c(1L, 4L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 
3L, 5L, 5L, 4L), .Label = c("CLAIMS", "CONTENT", "CREDIT_CARD", 
"DEDUCT_BILL", "HCREFORM"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("MON1_12", 
"WEEK1_53", "AGENT_ID", "CallsHandled", "QUEUE"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-10L))

针对已标记的问题进行编辑：这是我今天下午根据建议尝试的方法，示例数据框略有不同：

df$Queue <- as.factor(df$CONTENT + df$CLAIMS*2 + df$CREDIT_CARD*3 +  df$DEDUCT_BILL*4 + df$HCREFORM*5)
levels(df$Queue) <- c("CONTENT", "CLAIMS", "CREDIT_CARD","DEDUCT_BILL","HCREFORM")
View(df)

但我在 Queue 列中收到一列 NA。所以，我在这里重新创建了另一个示例数据集。这个数据框充分代表了我在现实中将收到的内容，除了我将有大约 40 个变量和 200 万行。当我在上面的“df”上运行我上面尝试的内容时，我得到以下不正确的结果：

dput(df)
structure(list(MON1_12 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L), WEEK1_53 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), AGENT_ID = structure(c(3L, 
4L, 7L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 5L, 9L, 2L, 10L), .Label = c("A129", "A360", 
"A407", "B891", "D197", "L145", "L722", "O518", "T443", "W764"
), class = "factor"), CallsHandled = c(1L, 4L, 2L, 14L, 1L, 2L, 
5L, 1L, 1L, 3L), CONTENT = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L), CLAIMS = c(1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
CREDIT_CARD = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
DEDUCT_BILL = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), 
HCREFORM = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), Queue = structure(c(2L, 
1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = c("CONTENT", 
"CLAIMS", "CREDIT_CARD", "DEDUCT_BILL", "HCREFORM"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("MON1_12", 
"WEEK1_53", "AGENT_ID", "CallsHandled", "CONTENT", "CLAIMS", 
"CREDIT_CARD", "DEDUCT_BILL", "HCREFORM", "Queue"), row.names = c(NA, 
-10L), class = "data.frame")

我也试过了：

df3 <- cbind(df[1:4], QUEUE = apply(df[5:9], 1, function(N) names(N)[as.logical(N)]))

但收到以下错误：“data.frame 中的错误（“CLAIMS”，字符（0），字符（0），“DEDUCT_BILL”，： 参数暗示不同的行数：1、0：

Answer 1

您可以使用max.col 获取第 5 到第 9 列的每一行中值为“1”的列索引。（“df”示例不正确，因为大多数行都是 0。更正的一个如下）。

df$QUEUE <-  names(df)[-c(1:4)][max.col(df[-c(1:4)])]

或者你可以这样做

df$QUEUE <-  names(df)[-(1:4)][(as.matrix(df[-(1:4)]) %*% 
                         seq_along(df[-(1:4)]))[,1]]

更新

基于编辑数据集“df”，5:9 列的某些行全为“0”，在预期结果中，“QUEUE”显示为“CONTENT”。在这种情况下，我们可以先修改 'CONTENT' 列以更改行全为 0 的值，然后应用上述任一代码

 df$CONTENT[!rowSums(df[5:9])] <- 1
 df$QUEUE1 <-  names(df)[5:9][max.col(df[5:9])]
 df$QUEUE1
 #[1] "CLAIMS"      "CONTENT"     "CONTENT"     "DEDUCT_BILL" "CONTENT"    
 #[6] "CONTENT"     "CONTENT"     "CONTENT"     "CONTENT"     "CONTENT" 

数据

df <- structure(list(MON1_12 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L), WEEK1_53 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), 
AGENT_ID = structure(c(3L, 
4L, 7L, 8L, 1L, 6L, 5L, 9L, 2L, 10L), .Label = c("A129", "A360", 
"A407", "B891", "D197", "L145", "L722", "O518", "T443", "W764"
), class = "factor"), CallsHandled = c(1L, 4L, 2L, 14L, 1L, 2L, 
5L, 1L, 1L, 3L), CONTENT = c(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), CLAIMS = c(1, 
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), CREDIT_CARD = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
1, 0, 0, 0), DEDUCT_BILL = c(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
 HCREFORM = c(0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0)), .Names = c("MON1_12", "WEEK1_53", 
"AGENT_ID", "CallsHandled", "CONTENT", "CLAIMS", "CREDIT_CARD", 
"DEDUCT_BILL", "HCREFORM"), row.names = c(NA, -10L), class = "data.frame")

Answer 2

这应该会产生预期的结果：

df2 <- cbind(df[1:4], QUEUE = apply(df[5:9], 1, function(N) names(N)[as.logical(N)]))

假设在任何行中只有一个且恰好一个虚拟变量为 1（在您的 df 原始样本中并非如此）。

说明： df[1:4] 选择要保留在输出中的第一到第四列。然后使用cbind 函数将其绑定到QUEUE 的列。 QUEUE 是通过在数据集df 上逐行迭代虚拟变量（第 5 到第 9 列）并选择包含值 1 的列名来获得的。