带有 xml 元素的文本位

Question

我正在寻找一种基于正则表达式使用 XML 节点动态包围部分文本的方法。

考虑以下示例

<speak>The test number is 123456789, and some further block of text.</speak>

现在假设我有一个针对数字的正则表达式，可以选择性地用一个新标签包围它，这样它就会变成：

<speak>The test number is <say-as interpret-as="characters">123456789</say-as>, and some further block of text.</speak>

我考虑过使用 DomDocument 来创建标签，但不确定替换部分。有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

DOM 是正确的方法。它允许您查找和遍历文本节点。对这些节点的内容使用 RegEx，并将新节点构建为片段。

function wrapMatches(\DOMNode $node, string $pattern, string $tagName, $tagAttributes = []) {
    $document = $node instanceof DOMDocument ? $node : $node->ownerDocument;
    $xpath = new DOMXpath($document);
    // iterate all descendant text nodes
    foreach ($xpath->evaluate('.//text()', $node) as $textNode) {
        $content = $textNode->textContent;
        $found = preg_match_all($pattern, $content, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
        $offset = 0;
        if ($found) {
            // fragments allow to treat multiple nodes as one
            $fragment = $document->createDocumentFragment();
            foreach ($matches[0] as $match) {
                list($matchContent, $matchStart) = $match;
                // add text from last match to current
                $fragment->appendChild(
                  $document->createTextNode(substr($content, $offset, $matchStart - $offset))
                );
                // add wrapper element, ...
                $wrapper = $fragment->appendChild($document->createElement($tagName));
                // ... set its attributes ...
                foreach ($tagAttributes as $attributeName => $attributeValue) {
                    $wrapper->setAttribute($attributeName, $attributeValue);
                }
                // ... and add the text content
                $wrapper->textContent = $matchContent;
                $offset = $matchStart + strlen($matchContent);
            }
            // add text after last match
            $fragment->appendChild($document->createTextNode(substr($content, $offset)));
            // replace the text node with the new fragment
            $textNode->parentNode->replaceChild($fragment, $textNode);
        }
    }
}


$xml = <<<'XML'
<speak>The test number is 123456789, and some further block of text.</speak>
XML;

$document = new DOMDocument();
$document->loadXML($xml);

wrapMatches($document, '(\d+)u', 'say-as', ['interpret-as' => 'characters']);

echo $document->saveXML();

Answer 2

这可以使用 XSLT 2.0 中的 xsl:analyze-string 指令方便地处理。例如你可以定义规则：

<xsl:template match="speak">
  <xsl:analyze-string select="." regex="\d+">
    <xsl:matching-substring>
      <say-as interpret-as="characters">
        <xsl:value-of select="."/>
      </say-as>
    </xsl:matching-substring>
  </xsl:analyze-string>
</xsl:template>

Answer 3

你可以像这样使用preg_replace：

$str = '<speak>The test number is 123456789, and some further block of text.</speak>';
echo preg_replace('/(\d+)/','<say-as interpret-as="characters">$1</say-as>',$str);

输出将是：

<speak>The test number is <say-as interpret-as="characters">123456789</say-as>, and some further block of text.</speak>

Answer 4

我最终以简单的方式完成了它，因为我不需要处理嵌套节点和其他 XML 特定的东西。所以只是做了一个简单的方法来将标签创建为字符串。已经足够好了。

protected function createTag($name, $attributes = [], $content = null)
    {
        $openingTag = '<' . $name;

        if ($attributes) {
            foreach ($attributes as $attribute => $value) {
                $openingTag .= sprintf(' %s="%s"', $attribute, $value);
            }
        }

        $openingTag .= '>';

        $closingTag = '</' . $name . '>';

        $content = $content ?: '$1';

        return $openingTag . $content . $closingTag;
    }

$tag = $this->createTag($tagName, $attributes);

$text = preg_replace($regex, $tag, $text);