Python argparse：具有必需选项的互斥必需组

Question

我正在尝试使用一个必需参数来创建一个必需的互斥组。下面是我放的代码

#!/usr/bin/python

import argparse
import sys

# Check for the option provided as part of arguments
def parseArgv():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    group.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", choices=[1,2,3,4],
            help = "Increase verbosity")
    group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true", help = "Run quietly")
    name = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
    name.add_argument("-n", "--name", help = "Name of the virtual machine")
    name.add_argument("-t", "--template", help = "Name of the template to use \
            for creating vm. If path is not provided then it will be looked \
            under template directory.")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--save", help = "Save the machine template. If \
            path is not provided then it will be saved under template directory.");
    #parser.add_argument("-k", "--kick_start", required = True, help = "Name of the \
    #        kick start file. If path is not provided then it will be look into http \
    #        directory.")
    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
        parser.print_help()
    args = parser.parse_args()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parseArgv()

现在这个程序的输出如下

$ python test.py 
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {1,2,3,4} | -q] (-n NAME | -t TEMPLATE) [-s SAVE]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v {1,2,3,4}, --verbose {1,2,3,4}
                        Increase verbosity
  -q, --quiet           Run quietly
  -n NAME, --name NAME  Name of the virtual machine
  -t TEMPLATE, --template TEMPLATE
                        Name of the template to use for creating vm. If path
                        is not provided then it will be looked under template
                        directory.
  -s SAVE, --save SAVE  Save the machine template. If path is not provided
                        then it will be saved under template directory.
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {1,2,3,4} | -q] (-n NAME | -t TEMPLATE) [-s SAVE]
test.py: error: one of the arguments -n/--name -t/--template is required

但如果我取消注释第 20 - 22 行的注释，则输出更改如下

$ python test.py 
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {1,2,3,4} | -q] (-n NAME | -t TEMPLATE) [-s SAVE] -k
               KICK_START

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v {1,2,3,4}, --verbose {1,2,3,4}
                        Increase verbosity
  -q, --quiet           Run quietly
  -n NAME, --name NAME  Name of the virtual machine
  -t TEMPLATE, --template TEMPLATE
                        Name of the template to use for creating vm. If path
                        is not provided then it will be looked under template
                        directory.
  -s SAVE, --save SAVE  Save the machine template. If path is not provided
                        then it will be saved under template directory.
  -k KICK_START, --kick_start KICK_START
                        Name of the kick start file. If path is not provided
                        then it will be look into http directory.
usage: test.py [-h] [-v {1,2,3,4} | -q] (-n NAME | -t TEMPLATE) [-s SAVE] -k
               KICK_START
test.py: error: argument -k/--kick_start is required

但我希望 -n / -t 和 -k 成为强制性的。如何达到同样的效果。

Answer 1

你已经实现了！ Argparse 只打印它发现的第一个错误，所以虽然它看起来只是在检查 -k，但它实际上也需要 -n/-t。你可以通过实际给它 -k 参数来看到这一点。

如果提供 -k 参数，错误消息将从 test.py: error: argument -k/--kick_start is required 更改为 test.py: error: one of the arguments -n/--name -t/--template is required。