Scala3 扩展基本类型和覆盖 ==

Question

学习 Scala3 扩展和 CanEqual 概念，但在扩展 Int 的某些功能时发现困难。

在以下示例中，我可以轻松地将 >= 功能添加到 Int 以将其与 RationalNumber 案例类进行比较，但无法修改 == 的行为。 （注1~2与RationalNumber(1,2)相同）。

这个问题似乎与基本的 AnyVal 类型以及 Scala 如何传​​递给 Java 来处理 equals 和 == 有关。

case class RationalNumber(val n: Int, val d: Int):
  def >=(that:RationalNumber) = this.num * that.den >= that.num * this.den
  //... other comparisons hidden (note not using Ordered for clarity)
  private def gcd(a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (b == 0) a else gcd(b, a % b)
  val sign = if (n<0 ^ d<0) -1 else 1
  private val (an, ad) = (math.abs(n), math.abs(d))
  val num = sign * (an / gcd(an, ad))
  val den = if(an == 0) 1 else ad / gcd(an, ad)

  override def equals (that: Any): Boolean =
    that match
      case t: RationalNumber => t.den == den && t.canEqual(this) && t.num == num
      case t: Int => equals(RationalNumber(t,1))
      case _ => false

  override lazy val toString = s"$num/$den"

object RationalNumber:
  def apply (r: Int): RationalNumber = new RationalNumber(r, 1)
  import scala.language.implicitConversions
  implicit def intToRat (i: Int): RationalNumber = i ~ 1
  given CanEqual[RationalNumber, Int] = CanEqual.derived
  given CanEqual[Int, RationalNumber] = CanEqual.derived
  extension (i: Int)
    def ~(that: Int) = new RationalNumber(i, that)
    def >=(that: RationalNumber) = i ~ 1 >= that
    def equals (that: AnyVal) : Boolean =
      println("this never runs")
      that match
        case t: RationalNumber => t.den == 1 && t.num == i
        case _ => i == that
    def ==(that: RationalNumber) =
      println ("this never runs")
      i~1 == that

object Main:
  @main def run =
    import RationalNumber._
    val one = 1 ~ 1
    val a = 1 == one // never runs extension ==
    val b = one == 1
    val c = 1 >= one
    val d = one >= 1
    val ans = (a,b,c,d) // (false, true, true, true)
    println(ans)

Answer 1

仅当不存在同名的限定方法时才尝试扩展方法。因此，至少在Int 上已经定义了以下符合条件的==

def ==(arg0: Any): Boolean

它不会呼叫您的分机。如果你把名字改成=== 就可以了

def ===(that: RationalNumber)

如果需要，您可以强制使用类型归属 (1: RationalNumber) == one 进行隐式转换。 （不鼓励隐式转换）。

---

尝试扩展 ScalaNumericConversions 进而扩展 ScalaNumber

case class RationalNumber(val n: Int, val d: Int) extends ScalaNumericConversions {
  def intValue: Int = ???
  def longValue: Long = ???
  def floatValue: Float = ???
  def doubleValue: Double = ???
  def isWhole: Boolean = false
  def underlying = this
...
  override def equals (that: Any): Boolean = {
    that match {
      case t: RationalNumber => t.den == den && t.canEqual(this) && t.num == num
      case t: Int => equals(RationalNumber(t,1))
      case _ => false
    }
  }
}

所以现在 Scala 最终会调用 BoxesRuntime#equalsNumNum

public static boolean equalsNumNum(java.lang.Number xn, java.lang.Number yn) {
...
  if ((yn instanceof ScalaNumber) && !(xn instanceof ScalaNumber))
    return yn.equals(xn);
  }
...

哪个注释翻转了参数的顺序，因此会调用RationalNumber#equals，所以实际上

1 == one

变成

one.equals(1)

通过查看 REPL 中的 :javap - 1 == BigInt(1) 找到了这种方法

30: invokestatic  #54  // Method scala/runtime/BoxesRunTime.equals:(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

然后跟随BoxesRunTime.equals布置的线索