从 CPAN 自动安装缺少的模块

Question

如果我想分发 Perl 脚本，那么轻松安装用户系统上缺少的任何必需模块的最佳方法是什么？如果 Perl 丢失或“太旧”，如果有办法安装/升级 Perl 本身，则可以额外加分。

Answer 1

这通常以类似 CPAN 的包创建结束。 因此，当您需要安装所有依赖项时，请键入 make installdeps

见perldoc perlmodlib Module::Install 也可能对您有用，还有一些 Makefile.PL 示例

Makefile.PL 允许您定义 deps 和所需的 perl 版本。 你也可以添加

use 5.010;

到您的脚本中，以便需要最低版本的 perl 才能运行。详情请见perldoc -f use。

Answer 2

为什么不使用创建可执行文件的 pp (PAR Packager)。目标机器上不需要 Perl 或任何东西。

Answer 3

自动安装软件是让最终用户和系统管理员对您非常生气的最佳方式。忘记这种方法吧。

您可以简单地将所有依赖项与您的应用程序发行版一起发布，inc 目录是习惯性的。

Answer 4

如果您查看 cpanminus，您只需执行一个文件即可安装：

curl -L http://cpanmin.us | perl - --self-upgrade

这可能是您正在寻找的行为；它是通过 App::Fatpacker 完成的。看看吧：

https://metacpan.org/module/App::FatPacker

Answer 5

来自here 的半自动化脚本，它应该适用于具有中级 bash 技能和几乎 0 级 perl 技能的人：

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict ; use warnings ;
use 5.10.0 ;
use ExtUtils::Installed;

    #  quick and dirty check for prerequisites perl modules:
    #  courtesy of:http://stackoverflow.com/a/9340304/65706
    #  if you have a calling bash script call by :
    #  perl "/path/to/isg_pub_preq_checker.pl"
    #  export ret=$?
    #  test $ret -ne 0 && doExit 1 "[FATAL] perl modules not found!!!"

    my $PrintOkCheck = 1 ;

    # check that all the required modules are installed
    my ( $ret , $msg ) = doCheckRequiredModules();

    unless ( $ret == 0 ) {
            print "$msg" ;
            # give some time for the user to react
            print "printing all installed modules :" ;
            my $c = 9 ;
            for ( my $i=0;$i<=$c;$i++){
                    print ( ( $c-$i) . '.') ;
                    sleep 1 ;
            }
            print "\n" ;
            doListAllInstalledModules();
            print "\n" ;
    }

    exit(0);

    sub doListAllInstalledModules {
            my $instmod = ExtUtils::Installed->new();
             foreach my $module ($instmod->modules()) {
                    my $version = $instmod->version($module) || "???";
                     print "found module:$module -- v$version\n";
                    }

    }
    #eof sub

    sub doCheckRequiredModules {

            my @modules = qw(
                    YAML::Any
                    Test::More
                    Spreadsheet::XLSX
                    Test::Deep
                    File::Copy::Recursive
                    IO::HTML
                    Test::More
                    Filter::Util::Call
                    Algorithm::Diff
                    Text::Diff
                    Test::Base
                    Test::CPAN::Meta::YAML
                    Test::YAML::Valid
                    Test::YAML::Meta
                    Test::YAML
                    Data::Printer
                    ExtUtils::Installed
                    Sub::StrictDecl
                    Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
                    Mojolicious::Plugin::RenderFile
                    JSON
                    Carp::Always
                    Mojolicious::Plugin::PDFRenderer
     Redis::Client
                    );

            for(@modules) {
                     eval "use $_";
                     if ($@) {

                            #flush the screen
                            print "\033[2J";
                            print "\033[0;0H";

                            my $msg = "\n\n\n [FATAL] did not found the following prerequisite perl module: $_ \n\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n # == START copy paste == " ;
                            $msg .= "\n#you must install it otherwise the application will not work" ;
                            $msg .= "\n#the module could be installef by running the following commands:" ;
                            # if the user knows already the difference between the running the cmd
                            # with sudo or he / she probably knows already how-to install perl modules
                            $msg .= "\n# as a start configure the cpan to install dependancies first \n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n" . 'perl -MCPAN -e \'my $c = "CPAN::HandleConfig"; $c->load(doit => 1, autoconfig => 1); $c->edit(prerequisites_policy => "follow"); $c->edit(build_requires_install_policy => "yes"); $c->commit\'' . "\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n#than install the $_ module by running: \n" ;
                            $msg .= "\nsudo perl -MCPAN -e 'install $_'\n\n\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n # == STOP  copy paste == \n\n\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n # == START copy paste == " ;
                            $msg .= "\n# if you seem to be stuck in circular reference kind of loop try even :\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\nsudo perl -MCPAN -e 'CPAN::Shell->force(qw( install $_));'\n" ;
                            $msg .= "\n # == STOP  copy paste == " ;
                            $msg .= "\n# You may end-up now with Ctrl + C \n\n\n" ;

                            return ( 1, "$msg")  if $@;
                     } else {
                              say "[INFO ] == ok == check for prerequisite perl module : $_" if $PrintOkCheck == 1 ;
                     }
            }
            #eof foreach module

            return ( 0 , "all required modules found" ) ;
    }
    #eof sub
    # ??!!
    #perl -MCPAN -e 'install Module::Signature'
    # the following modules have been or might be part of the installable modules
    #PDF::WebKit
    #HTML::TreeBuilder
    #HTML::TreeBuilder::XPath
    #HTML::TableExtract
    #HTML::ElementTable