QuickLook 插件是“损坏/丢失的资源”。为什么？

Question

设置：
OS X 10.8.2
Xcode4.5.2 (4G2008a)
带有 QuickLook 插件的基于文档的 Cocoa 应用程序

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问题：

我正在尝试将 QuickLook 插件添加到基于文档的 OS X 应用程序，但 QL 插件无法启动。

我的 QuickLook 插件需要嵌入并链接到我自己创建的两个框架（称为 IDEKit 和 TDAppKit）。我已阅读此SO post about linking Frameworks in QuickLook PlugIns，并按照那里的说明进行操作（我将两个框架的DYLIB_INSTALL_NAME_BASE 设置为@loader_path/../Frameworks）。

下面是关于我的 QuickLook 插件构建后的一些相关信息：

% otool -L /Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook 
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook:
    /usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.8.dylib (compatibility version 0.9.8, current version 47.0.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/Versions/A/IDEKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/TDAppKit.framework/Versions/A/TDAppKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickLook.framework/Versions/A/QuickLook (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 555.4.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 55179.0.2)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.8.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 19.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 45.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 57.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 744.1.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 945.11.0)
    /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 228.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1187.33.0)

链接/嵌入式框架已到位：

% file /Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook 
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook (for architecture x86_64):    Mach-O 64-bit bundle x86_64
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/MacOS/ShapesQuickLook (for architecture i386):  Mach-O bundle i386
% file /Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/IDEKit 
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/IDEKit: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/IDEKit (for architecture x86_64):   Mach-O 64-bit dynamically linked shared library x86_64
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/IDEKit (for architecture i386): Mach-O dynamically linked shared library i386
% file /Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/TDAppKit.framework/TDAppKit 
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/TDAppKit.framework/TDAppKit: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/TDAppKit.framework/TDAppKit (for architecture x86_64):   Mach-O 64-bit dynamically linked shared library x86_64
/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/Contents/Frameworks/TDAppKit.framework/TDAppKit (for architecture i386): Mach-O dynamically linked shared library i386

但是，当我尝试使用 qlmanage 和测试文档启动我的 QuickLook 插件时，我收到以下错误：

dyld: DYLD_ environment variables being ignored because main executable (/System/Library/Frameworks/QuickLook.framework/Versions/A/Resources/quicklookd.app/Contents/MacOS/qlmanage) is code signed with entitlements
Testing Quick Look preview with files:
    /Users/itod/Desktop/test.shapes
[ERROR] Can't load plug-in at file://localhost/Users/itod/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Shapes-bqzarhutlkqukverhbjatfvaextg/Build/Products/Debug/Shapes.app/Contents/Library/QuickLook/ShapesQuickLook.qlgenerator/: The bundle “ShapesQuickLook” couldn’t be loaded because it is damaged or missing necessary resources.

注意：

The bundle “ShapesQuickLook” couldn’t be loaded because it is damaged or missing necessary resources.

我不确定这个问题是由嵌入式框架的问题引起的（但我认为可能是）。

我可能缺少什么？如何启动我的 QuickLook 插件？

Answer 1

在这里。我在blog post about Dylibs, Install Names, and rpaths 中找到了解决方案。

具体来说，@rpath 部分下的建议对我有用。

所以在我的嵌入式框架中，我将DYLIB_INSTALL_NAME_BASE 设置为@rpath/。

然后我有一个应用程序和一个 QL 插件，每个都嵌入了框架：

在我的应用程序目标的构建设置中，我添加了以下其他链接器标志：-rpath @executable_path/../Frameworks/。

在我的 QuickLook Plugin 目标的构建设置中，我添加了以下其他链接器标志：-rpath @loader_path/../Frameworks/。

这解决了问题。现在应用程序和 QL 插件可以正常工作了。