ImproperlyConfigured：请求设置 INSTALLED_APPS，但未配置设置 - Scraper

Question

当我尝试在 Django 中运行我的爬虫时，我收到以下错误。

当我尝试使用内置的 Django 模型将抓取的数据放入数据库时​​发生这种情况。

回溯和错误：

/usr/bin/python3.6 /home/xxxxxx/Desktop/project/teo/movierater/scrap.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/xxxxxx/Desktop/project/teo/movierater/scrap.py", line 7, in <module>
    from teo.movierater.api.models import *
  File "/home/xxxxxx/Desktop/project/teo/movierater/api/models.py", line 3, in <module>
    class Author(models.Model):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 103, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 252, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 134, in check_apps_ready
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 79, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 64, in _setup

    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

我把它放在bin/activate:

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings

这里是来自 scraper.py 的代码 sn-p：

import django
import os
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from teo.movierater.api.models import *


os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'movierater.settings'
django.setup()

当我尝试在 django.setup() 下导入模型时：

import django
import os
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'movierater.settings'
django.setup()

from teo.movierater.api.models import *

错误：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'movierater'

我的项目结构和设置：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'movierater.api',
]

wsgi.py 文件：

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'movierater.settings')

application = get_wsgi_application()

Answer 1

我可以在这里看到几个可能的问题。

1. 使用movierater.settings 作为DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 值，即export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=movierater.settings

   • 请注意movierater 的位置必须在您的PYTHONPATH (ImproperlyConfigured: You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings) 上

2. 你是如何启动你的应用程序的，你试过python manage.py shell吗？

   • ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured

3. 如果你想以脚本的形式启动爬虫（例如python manage.py scraper），那么最好的方法是编写自定义命令；看看use django: from "python manage.py shell" to python script