Django celery 和 celery-beat 守护进程脚本错误

Question

我将使用 celery 设置周期性任务，以便我尝试使用脚本在测试服务器中守护 django celery 进程（在官方网站上引用）：

Init-script: celery

所以，这是我的 celeryd 文件：

# Names of nodes to start
#   most people will only start one node:
CELERYD_NODES="indicators"
#   but you can also start multiple and configure settings
#   for each in CELERYD_OPTS (see `celery multi --help` for examples):
#CELERYD_NODES="worker1 worker2 worker3"
#   alternatively, you can specify the number of nodes to start:
#CELERYD_NODES=10

# Absolute or relative path to the 'celery' command:
#CELERY_BIN="/usr/local/bin/celery"
CELERY_BIN="/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/bin/celery"

# App instance to use
# comment out this line if you don't use an app
#CELERY_APP="sgiprocess"
# or fully qualified:
CELERY_APP="indicator.tasks:app"

# Where to chdir at start.
CELERYD_CHDIR="/opt/pymis/reps/indicator_repository/indicator_ms/"

# Extra command-line arguments to the worker
CELERYD_OPTS="--time-limit=300 --concurrency=8"

# %N will be replaced with the first part of the nodename.
CELERYD_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/worker1.log"
CELERYD_PID_FILE="/var/run/celery/worker1.pid"

# Workers should run as an unprivileged user.
#   You need to create this user manually (or you can choose
#   a user/group combination that already exists, e.g. nobody).
CELERYD_USER="celeryuser"
CELERYD_GROUP="mygroup"

# If enabled pid and log directories will be created if missing,
# and owned by the userid/group configured.
CELERY_CREATE_DIRS=1

这是我的 celerybeat 文件：

# Absolute or relative path to the 'celery' command:
#CELERY_BIN="/usr/local/bin/celery"
CELERY_BIN="/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/bin/celery"

# App instance to use
# comment out this line if you don't use an app
#CELERY_APP="sgiprocess"
# or fully qualified:
CELERY_APP="indicator.tasks:app"

# Where to chdir at start.
CELERYBEAT_CHDIR="/opt/pymis/reps/indicators_repository/indicator_ms/"

# Extra arguments to celerybeat
CELERYBEAT_OPTS="--schedule=/var/run/celery/celerybeat-schedule"

这是我的错误跟踪：

(indicators_test) user@server:/opt/pymis/reps/indicator_repository/indicator_ms$ sudo /etc/init.d/celeryd restart
celery init v10.1.
Using config script: /etc/default/celeryd

celery multi v4.0.2 (latentcall)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 184, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/__main__.py", line 18, in <module>
    main()
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/__main__.py", line 14, in main
    _main()
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/celery.py", line 326, in main
    cmd.execute_from_commandline(argv)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/celery.py", line 488, in execute_from_commandline
    super(CeleryCommand, self).execute_from_commandline(argv)))
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 279, in execute_from_commandline
    argv = self.setup_app_from_commandline(argv)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 481, in setup_app_from_commandline
    self.app = self.find_app(app)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 503, in find_app
    return find_app(app, symbol_by_name=self.symbol_by_name)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/app/utils.py", line 355, in find_app
    sym = symbol_by_name(app, imp=imp)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 506, in symbol_by_name
    return imports.symbol_by_name(name, imp=imp)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/kombu/utils/imports.py", line 56, in symbol_by_name
    module = imp(module_name, package=package, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/celery/utils/imports.py", line 101, in import_from_cwd
    return imp(module, package=package)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 673, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 665, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/opt/pymis/reps/indicator_repository/indicator_ms/indicator/tasks.py", line 7, in <module>
    from .models import Value
  File "/opt/pymis/reps/indicator_repository/indicator_ms/indicator/models.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 105, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 237, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "/opt/pymis/envs/indicators/indicators_test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
> Restarting node indicators@EMT-LIBREAPP: * Child terminated with exit code 1
FAILED

事情是，当我手动启动 celery 和 celerybeat 时：

celery -A config worker -l info
celery -A config beat

我没有收到任何错误，一切正常。

更新：这是我的 celery.py 文件

from __future__ import absolute_import
from celery import Celery
from django.conf import settings
import os


os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings.test')
app = Celery('indicators')
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)


@app.task(bind=True)
def debug_task(self):
    print('Request: {0!r}'.format(self.request))

更新 2：这是我的目录树

indicator_ms (project root)
├── config
│   ├── settings
│   │    ├── __init__.py
│   │    ├── local.py
│   │    ├── test.py
│   │    └── production.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── celery.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py    
│ 
└── indicators (app)
    ├── __init__.py
    └── tasks.py 

这是配置文件夹（不是设置文件夹）中的 init.py 文件

from __future__ import absolute_import
from .celery import app as celery_app

Answer 1

由于 django celery 任务不是正确的项目模块，我们需要在我们各自的任务模块中调用django.setup() 方法。

在我的情况下，解决方案是在任何其他与项目相关的导入之前在 task.py 文件中设置此行：

import django
django.setup()

Answer 2

为了进一步说明@mislav 的观点，celery 文档中有一个关于configuration of your celery app instance 的重要警告：

Django 用户现在使用与上面完全相同的模板，但请确保定义 Celery 应用程序实例的模块也为 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置默认值，如示例 Django 项目中所示使用 Django 的第一步。

（强调）

因此，请确保您的 celery.py 中出现类似于以下行的内容

# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'my_app.settings')

from django.conf import settings  # noqa

app = Celery('my_project_name')

# Using a string here means the worker will not have to
# pickle the object when using Windows.
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)

如果一切都失败了，请在调用 celery 之前更新 initd 脚本以获取您的虚拟环境。

Answer 3

首先...您是否已接受此项目结构？ :D

因为你才刚开始吃芹菜，我就硬着头皮说你可以动celery.py。

---

如果您的设置模块位于自定义路径中，您可以尝试将其导出到 celeryd 文件中。

# regular celeryd config stuff...

# projects settings module.
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=my_project.settings.production
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/path/to/my_project/

并且在您的celery.py 文件中准确使用'indicator_celery.settings'，而不是config.settings.local

# celery.py file

from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from celery import Celery

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'indicator_celery.settings')

from django.conf import settings  # noqa

app = Celery('indicator_celery')
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)

还有indicator_celery.__init__文件应该是这样的：

# celery app init file
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import absolute_import

# This will make sure the app is always imported when
# Django starts so that shared_task will use this app.
from .celery import app as celery_app  # noqa

---

最终目录树：

indicator_ms (project root)
├── config
│   ├── settings
│   │    ├── __init__.py
│   │    ├── local.py
│   │    ├── test.py
│   │    └── production.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py    
├── indicator_celery
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── celery.py
└── indicators (app)
    ├── __init__.py
    └── tasks.py