将 Django 连接到 Google Cloud SQL

Question

我正在尝试将 Django 连接到 Google 云 SQL，在 windows 下使用 python 2.7 和 django 1.5。我浏览了此页面上的说明：https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/cloud-sql/django

我的 settings.py 文件具有以下形式的基本数据库设置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'INSTANCE': 'my_project:instance1',
        'NAME': 'my_database',
    }
}

当然有一个适当的 SQL 实例和一个通过 google apis 控制台的 SQL 提示创建的数据库

当我第一次尝试运行 manage.py syncdb 以获取 OAuth2 令牌时，我得到了这个：

OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)")

在你问之前，我确实确保 django 和 google 包都在我的 PYTHONPATH 以及“C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\lib\django-1.5”中

非常欢迎任何帮助！

Answer 1

在 Django 中连接到 Google Cloud SQL 的示例：

AppEngine Standard, Python 2.7:

try:
    import MySQLdb  # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

if os.getenv('SERVER_SOFTWARE', '').startswith('Google App Engine'):
    # Running on production App Engine, so connect to Google Cloud SQL using
    # the unix socket at /cloudsql/<your-cloudsql-connection string>
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'HOST': '/cloudsql/<your-cloudsql-connection-string>',
            'NAME': '<your-database-name>',
            'USER': '<your-database-user>',
            'PASSWORD': '<your-database-password>',
        }
    }
else:
    # Running locally so connect to either a local MySQL instance or connect to
    # Cloud SQL via the proxy. To start the proxy via command line:
    #
    #     $ cloud_sql_proxy -instances=[INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME]=tcp:3306
    #
    # See https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql-connect-proxy
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # DB's IP address
            'PORT': '3306',
            'NAME': '<your-database-name>',
            'USER': '<your-database-user>',
            'PASSWORD': '<your-database-password>',
        }
    }

来源：GCP Python Django Samples AppEngine Standard Python 2.7

---

AppEngine Standard, Python 3.7:

# Install PyMySQL as mysqlclient/MySQLdb to use Django's mysqlclient adapter
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/databases/#mysql-db-api-drivers
# for more information
import pymysql  # noqa: 402
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

if os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION', None):
    # Running on production App Engine, so connect to Google Cloud SQL using
    # the unix socket at /cloudsql/<your-cloudsql-connection string>
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'HOST': '/cloudsql/[YOUR-CONNECTION-NAME]',
            'USER': '[YOUR-USERNAME]',
            'PASSWORD': '[YOUR-PASSWORD]',
            'NAME': '[YOUR-DATABASE]',
        }
    }
else:
    # Running locally so connect to either a local MySQL instance or connect to
    # Cloud SQL via the proxy. To start the proxy via command line:
    #
    #     $ cloud_sql_proxy -instances=[INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME]=tcp:3306
    #
    # See https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql-connect-proxy
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # DB's IP address
            'PORT': '3306',
            'NAME': '[YOUR-DATABASE]',
            'USER': '[YOUR-USERNAME]',
            'PASSWORD': '[YOUR-PASSWORD]',
        }
    }

来源GCP Python Django Samples AppEngine Standard Python 3.7

---

AppEngine Flexible:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        # If you are using Cloud SQL for MySQL rather than PostgreSQL, set
        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql' instead of the following.
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'polls',
        'USER': '<your-database-user>',
        'PASSWORD': '<your-database-password>',
        # For MySQL, set 'PORT': '3306' instead of the following. Any Cloud
        # SQL Proxy instances running locally must also be set to tcp:3306.
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}
# In the flexible environment, you connect to CloudSQL using a unix socket.
# Locally, you can use the CloudSQL proxy to proxy a localhost connection
# to the instance
DATABASES['default']['HOST'] = '/cloudsql/<your-cloudsql-connection-string>'
if os.getenv('GAE_INSTANCE'):
    pass
else:
    DATABASES['default']['HOST'] = '127.0.0.1' # DB's IP address

来源GCP Python Django Samples AppEngine Flexible

Answer 2

该数据库配置仅在从 AppEngine 连接时才有意义。如果您想使用 django 从本地计算机访问 CloudSQL 数据库，则应使用 google.appengine.ext.django.backends.rdbms 引擎。

您可以在此处查看不同的配置选项： https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/cloud-sql/django#development-settings

编辑：google.appengine.ext.django.backends.rdbms 引擎已被弃用。如果您想从本地计算机连接到 Google Cloud SQL，您应该使用 IP 连接。您可以使用 Cloud SQL 实例 IP（IPv4 或 IPv6）并使用标准 django.db.backends.mysql 引擎进行连接。