Django 的 SuspiciousOperation 无效的 HTTP_HOST 标头

Question

升级到 Django 1.5 后，我开始收到如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 92, in get_response
response = middleware_method(request)

File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/middleware/common.py", line 57, in process_request
host = request.get_host()

File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/http/request.py", line 72, in get_host
"Invalid HTTP_HOST header (you may need to set ALLOWED_HOSTS): %s" % host)

SuspiciousOperation: Invalid HTTP_HOST header (you may need to set ALLOWED_HOSTS): www.google.com

<WSGIRequest
path:/,
GET:<QueryDict: {}>,
POST:<QueryDict: {}>,
COOKIES:{},
META:{'CONTENT_LENGTH': '',
'CONTENT_TYPE': '',
'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/etc/nginx/html',
'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html',
'HTTP_HOST': 'www.google.com',
'HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION': 'close',
'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
'PATH_INFO': u'/',
'QUERY_STRING': '',
'REMOTE_ADDR': '210.245.91.104',
'REMOTE_PORT': '49347',
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
'REQUEST_URI': '/',
u'SCRIPT_NAME': u'',
'SERVER_NAME': 'www.derekkwok.net',
'SERVER_PORT': '80',
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0',
'uwsgi.node': 'derekkwok',
'uwsgi.version': '1.4.4',
'wsgi.errors': <open file 'wsgi_errors', mode 'w' at 0xb6d99c28>,
'wsgi.file_wrapper': <built-in function uwsgi_sendfile>,
'wsgi.input': <uwsgi._Input object at 0x953e698>,
'wsgi.multiprocess': True,
'wsgi.multithread': False,
'wsgi.run_once': False,
'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
'wsgi.version': (1, 0)}>

我在我的 settings.py 文件中设置了ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['.derekkwok.net']。

这里发生了什么？有人冒充 Google 访问我的网站？还是有人错误地设置了 HTTP_HOST 标头的良性案例？

Answer 1

如果您使用 Nginx 将请求转发到在 Gunicorn/Apache/uWSGI 上运行的 Django，您可以使用以下命令来阻止错误请求。感谢@PaulM 的建议。

upstream app_server {
    server unix:/tmp/gunicorn_mydomain.com.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

server {

    ...

    ## Deny illegal Host headers
    if ($host !~* ^(mydomain.com|www.mydomain.com)$ ) {
        return 444;
    }

    location  / {
        proxy_pass               http://app_server;
        ...
    }

}

Answer 2

当使用 Nginx 时，你可以设置你的服务器，只请求你想首先访问 Django 的主机。这应该不会再给您带来 SuspiciousOperation 错误了。

server {
    # default server

    listen 80;
    server_name _ default;

    return 444;
}
server {
    # redirects

    listen 80;
    server_name example.com old.stuff.example.com;

    return 301 http://www.example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
    # app

    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com; # only hosts in ALLOWED_HOSTS here

    location  / {
        # ...
    }
    # ... your config/proxy stuff
}

Answer 3

这已在较新版本的 Django 中得到修复，但如果您使用受影响的版本（例如 1.5），您可以向您的记录器处理程序添加过滤器以摆脱这些问题，如 this 博客文章中所述。

剧透：

from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation

def skip_suspicious_operations(record):
  if record.exc_info:
    exc_value = record.exc_info[1]
    if isinstance(exc_value, SuspiciousOperation):
      return False
  return True

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'filters': {
        'require_debug_false': {
            '()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse',
        },
        # Define filter
        'skip_suspicious_operations': {
            '()': 'django.utils.log.CallbackFilter',
            'callback': skip_suspicious_operations,
        },
    },
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            # Add filter to list of filters
            'filters': ['require_debug_false', 'skip_suspicious_operations'],
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

Answer 4

如果您的ALLOWED_HOSTS 设置正确，则可能有人通过欺骗标头来探测您的网站是否存在漏洞。

Django 开发人员现在正在讨论将其从 500 内部服务器错误更改为 400 响应。见this ticket。