NoCredentialsError：无法找到凭据 - python 模块 boto3

Question

我在python 虚拟环境(virtualenv) 中运行django。 django 网站由来自亚马逊 ec2 实例（ubuntu 16.04）的apache2 提供服务。我使用boto3 模块写入亚马逊s3。

我安装了 awscli 并运行了 aws configure 并正确设置了我的 aws 访问密钥。 （我知道我配置正确，因为$ aws s3 ls 返回了我的 s3 存储桶的正确列表。）

但是，当我尝试从 django 应用程序将一些对象写入 s3 时，它无法产生标题中描述的错误。

我最近搬到了一个新实例并开始使用 python 虚拟环境。在此之前，它曾经运行良好。我已经阅读了关于 SO 的问题和来自 aws 的文档。下面是堆栈跟踪。

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://*******/product/4

Django Version: 1.10.6
Python Version: 3.5.2
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'abc.apps.abcdirectConfig')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware')



Traceback:

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
  42.             response = get_response(request)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _legacy_get_response
  249.             response = self._get_response(request)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  187.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  185.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
  23.                 return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/abcdirect/abcdirect/views.py" in view_product
  385.             s3.Bucket('abccms').put_object(Key=s3_file_name, Body=s3_file_data)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/boto3/resources/factory.py" in do_action
  520.                 response = action(self, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/boto3/resources/action.py" in __call__
  83.         response = getattr(parent.meta.client, operation_name)(**params)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/client.py" in _api_call
  253.             return self._make_api_call(operation_name, kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/client.py" in _make_api_call
  530.                 operation_model, request_dict)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in make_request
  141.         return self._send_request(request_dict, operation_model)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in _send_request
  166.         request = self.create_request(request_dict, operation_model)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/endpoint.py" in create_request
  150.                                      operation_name=operation_model.name)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/hooks.py" in emit
  227.         return self._emit(event_name, kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/hooks.py" in _emit
  210.             response = handler(**kwargs)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/signers.py" in handler
  90.         return self.sign(operation_name, request)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/signers.py" in sign
  147.             auth.add_auth(request)

File "/home/ubuntu/.virtualenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/botocore/auth.py" in add_auth
  679.             raise NoCredentialsError

Exception Type: NoCredentialsError at /product/4
Exception Value: Unable to locate credentials

Answer 1

我找到了错误的原因。我发布答案以防其他人遇到此问题。

tl;dr：aws 配置文件不在 apache 的主目录中

django 应用程序在用户 www-data(apache2) 下运行。当我使用aws configure 配置我的凭据时，我的设置存储在.aws/config 文件中。

这就是问题所在。

.aws/configure 文件存储在 my 主目录中，而不是 www-data(apache2) 的主目录中，默认为 /var/www。因此，当 django 应用调用 boto3 模块时，该模块在 /var/www/.aws/config 中查找配置文件，但我的文件在 /home/ubuntu/.aws/config 中。

只需将相关文件复制到/var/www/ 即可解决我的问题。