在 appium iOS 中的两个应用程序之间切换

Question

我有一个测试用例，我必须在 iPhone 中 1. 在应用 A 中执行任务。 2.切换到Safari浏览器并执行任务 3.再次切换回App A，继续其他任务

目前我可以执行 1 和 2，然后切换回 App A，但从 safari 浏览器切换后我无法在 App A 中执行任何任务。我所做的如下。

首先启动应用程序 A 我使用了以下代码

public void createAppiumDriver() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "iPhone 7 Plus");
capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "iOS");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "11.2"); 
capabilities.setCapability("autoWebView", true);
capabilities.setCapability("app", getProperties().getProperty("appURL"));
capabilities.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts", true);
capabilities.setCapability("useNewWDA", true);
capabilities.setCapability("startIWDP",true);
iosDriver = new IOSDriver(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);}

为了从我的应用切换到 Safari，我使用以下代码开始了一个新会话以切换到 safari

public void openSafari() throws MalformedURLException {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities2 = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities2.setCapability("deviceName", "iPhone 7 Plus");
capabilities2.setCapability("platformName", "iOS");
capabilities2.setCapability("platformVersion", "11.2");
capabilities2.setCapability("browserName", "Safari");
capabilities2.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts", true);
capabilities2.setCapability("useNewWDA", true);
iosDriver2 = new IOSDriver(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities2);
iosDriver2.get("https://www.gmail.com");}

现在我遇到的问题是再次从 safari 浏览器切换回 App A 以执行一些任务，此时我再次创建了一个新会话，如下所示

public void switchToNutrifix() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities3 = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities3.setCapability("deviceName", "iPhone 7 Plus");
capabilities3.setCapability("platformName", "iOS");
capabilities3.setCapability("platformVersion", "11.2"); //Replace this with your iOS version
capabilities3.setCapability("autoWebView", true);
capabilities3.setCapability("app", getProperties().getProperty("appURL"));
capabilities3.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts", true);
capabilities3.setCapability("useNewWDA", true);
capabilities3.setCapability("startIWDP",true);
iosDriver3 = new IOSDriver(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities3);}

现在的问题是应用程序 A 再次从 Safari 中打开，但它无法识别应用程序中的元素。我什至将上下文正确更改为 webview，但在从 Safari 浏览器切换后，它仍然无法在 App A 中执行任何任务。有人可以告诉我我在这里做错了什么或另一种方法来进行此切换。

我通常得到的错误是

May 09, 2018 6:43:42 PM org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions findElement
WARNING: WebDriverException thrown by findElement(By.xpath: //div[@class='login-content purpose']/h2)
org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionNotFoundException: A session is either terminated or not started (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)

appium 日志显示

debug] [iOS] No key id found. Choosing first id from page array
[debug] [iOS] Page change not referring to currently selected app, ignoring.

Answer 1

public class SwitchBtnAppsiOS {

public AppiumDriver<RemoteWebElement>iosDriver;

public DesiredCapabilities createAppiumDriver()
    throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
    capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "iPhone 7 Plus");
    capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "iOS");
    capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "11.2"); 
    capabilities.setCapability("autoWebView", true);
    capabilities.setCapability("app", getProperties().getProperty("appURL"));
    capabilities.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts", true);
    capabilities.setCapability("useNewWDA", true);
    capabilities.setCapability("startIWDP",true);
    return capabilities;
}


public DesiredCapabilities openSafari() 
    throws MalformedURLException {
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
    capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "iPhone 7 Plus");
    capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "iOS");
    capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "11.2");
    capabilities.setCapability("browserName", "Safari");
    capabilities.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts", true);
    capabilities.setCapability("useNewWDA", true);
    return capabilities;
}

public void switchBetweenApps() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException
{
    DesiredCapabilities nativeAppCaps = createAppiumDriver();
    iosDriver = new IOSDriver<>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), nativeAppCaps);

    /**
     * Perform the actions on native app
     */

    DesiredCapabilities webCaps = createAppiumDriver();
    iosDriver = new IOSDriver<>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), webCaps);
    iosDriver.get("https://www.gmail.com");

    /**
     * Perform the actions on safari browser 
     */

    // Again switch to native app
    iosDriver = new IOSDriver<>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), nativeAppCaps);
}
}

1. 无论您在何处使用驱动程序实例，都会传递最新的驱动程序实例。
2. 如果是这种情况，请使用 RemoteWebElement 而不是 MobileElement。

Answer 2

由于XCode 9 Appium 支持多个会话，我建议使用2 个同时会话：app 和 safari：

1. 为原生应用创建驱动程序（例如driver1对象）
2. 希望您在应用程序中需要，保持驱动程序实例处于活动状态

提示：你可以把它放在后台： driver.runAppInBackground(Duration.ofMinutes(1));

1. 为 safari 创建驱动程序（例如 driver2 对象）
2. 如果您不需要，请关闭driver2
3. 继续为原生应用使用driver1

Answer 3

有一种更好的方式来切换黑白 iOS 应用程序，而不是按照上面答案中的建议一次又一次地创建驱动程序会话

IOSDriver driver = new IOSDriver<>(new URL("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);

try {
HashMap<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
args.put("bundleId", SWITCH_APP_BUNDLE_ID);
driver.executeScript("mobile: launchApp", args);

/*
TODO code for switch app
*/


// Now reactivate  AUT App
args.put("bundleId", AUT_APP_BUNDLE_ID);
driver.executeScript("mobile: activateApp", args);

/*
TODO code for AUT App
*/
} 
finally {
// quit driver     
}