通过相关模型上的过滤器对 list_display 字段进行排序

Question

我遇到了一个问题，我想根据管理员中相关字段的聚合进行排序，但不确定最佳解决方法。这是我的模型：

# models.py   
from django.db import models

class Waiter(models.Model):
    pass

class Customer(models.Model):
    pass

class Meal(models.Model):
    BREAKFAST = 1
    LUNCH = 2
    DINNER = 3
    MEAL_TYPE_CHOICES = (
            (BREAKFAST, 'Breakfast'),
            (LUNCH, 'Lunch'),
            (DINNER, 'Dinner'),
            )
    meal_type = models.IntegerField(choices=MEAL_TYPE_CHOICES)
    customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer)
    waiter = models.ForeignKey(Waiter)
    service_rating = models.IntegerField()

在服务员管理中，我想显示早餐、午餐和晚餐每个服务员的平均服务评分，并希望能够按每个服务员作为单独的列进行订购。

This question 解释了如何按每位服务员的所有服务评分的平均值进行订购（代码如下），但我真的很想按每种餐食类型的相应服务评分进行订购。最好的方法是什么？

# admin.py
from .models import Customer, Meal, Waiter

from django.contrib import admin
from django.db.models import Avg

class WaiterAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display('avg_breakfast_rating', 'avg_lunch_rating', 'avg_dinner_rating')

    def queryset(self, request):
        qs = super(WaiterAdmin, self).queryset(request)
        qs = qs.annotate(Avg('meal__service_rating'))
        return qs

    def avg_breakfast_rating(self, obj):
        breakfasts = Meal.objects.filter(waiter=obj, meal_type=Meal.BREAKFAST)
        return breakfasts.aggregate(avg_rating=Avg('service_rating'))['avg_rating']
    avg_breakfast_rating.short_description = 'Average Breakfast Rating'
    avg_breakfast_rating.admin_order_field = 'meal__service_rating__avg'

    def avg_lunch_rating(self, obj):
        lunches = Meal.objects.filter(waiter=obj, meal_type=Meal.LUNCH)
        return lunches.aggregate(avg_rating=Avg('service_rating'))['avg_rating']
    avg_lunch_rating.short_description = 'Average Lunch Rating'
    avg_lunch_rating.admin_order_field = 'meal__service_rating__avg'

    def avg_dinner_rating(self, obj):
        dinners = Meal.objects.filter(waiter=obj, meal_type=Meal.DINNER)
        return dinners.aggregate(avg_rating=Avg('service_rating'))['avg_rating']
    avg_dinner_rating.short_description = 'Average Dinner Rating'
    avg_dinner_rating.admin_order_field = 'meal__service_rating__avg'

基本上，我不想让 admin_order_field 成为 meal__service_rating__avg，而是希望有类似 breakfast__service_rating__avg、lunch__service_rating__avg 和 dinner__service_rating__avg 的东西来订购。

Answer 1

我认为您不能仅使用 ORM 来做到这一点（至少，我找不到方法）。但是，如果您愿意使用 extra() 和一些自定义 SQL，则有一个比较简单的解决方案。

具体情况可能因数据库而异，但这似乎适用于 sqlite3：

class WaiterAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'breakfast_avg', 'lunch_avg', 'dinner_avg')

    def _avg_query(self, meal_type):
        return """
               SELECT AVG(service_rating) FROM {meal_table}
               WHERE meal_type={meal_type} AND waiter_id={waiter_table}.id
               """.format(meal_table=Meal._meta.db_table,
                          waiter_table=Waiter._meta.db_table,
                          meal_type=meal_type)


    def queryset(self, request):
        qs = super(WaiterAdmin, self).queryset(request)
        qs = qs.extra({'breakfast_avg': self._avg_query(Meal.BREAKFAST),
                       'lunch_avg': self._avg_query(Meal.LUNCH),
                       'dinner_avg': self._avg_query(Meal.DINNER),
                      })
        return qs

    def breakfast_avg(self, obj):
        return obj.breakfast_avg
    breakfast_avg.short_description = 'Average Breakfast Rating'
    breakfast_avg.admin_order_field = 'breakfast_avg'

    def lunch_avg(self, obj):
        return obj.lunch_avg
    lunch_avg.short_description = 'Average Lunch Rating'
    lunch_avg.admin_order_field = 'lunch_avg'

    def dinner_avg(self, obj):
        return obj.dinner_avg
    dinner_avg.short_description = 'Average Dinner Rating'
    dinner_avg.admin_order_field = 'dinner_avg'

Answer 2

我会将这些字段添加到 Waiter：

breakfast_service_rating_avg = models.FloatField(null=True,blank=True)
lunch_service_rating_avg = models.FloatField(null=True,blank=True)
dinner_service_rating_avg = models.FloatField(null=True,blank=True)

然后，Meal 的 save() 方法将调用 Waiter 实例的 save() 方法，您可以在其中计算 *_service_rating_avg 的三个平均值，然后再保存 Waiter 实例。

然后你总是有服务员实例的平均值，你可以在管理中轻松排序。注释也是一项相当昂贵的操作，如果可能的话，我会避免它并提供提到的附加字段。

希望对你有帮助！