Android - onRequestPermissionsResult() 已弃用。有没有其他选择？答案

【问题标题】：Android - onRequestPermissionsResult() is deprecated. Are there any alternatives?Android - onRequestPermissionsResult() 已弃用。有没有其他选择？
【发布时间】：2021-06-07 15:08:11
【问题描述】：

我尝试实现从存储中写入和读取的请求权限。一切正常，但今天 Android 向我展示了 onRequestPermissionsResult(...) 方法已被弃用。 StackOverflow 中有很多关于这个主题的问题，但不幸的是，它们已经过时了。

我在片段中调用了以下方法。

建议只是调用：

requestPermissions(new String[] {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
StorageKeys.STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE)

而不是我的方法：

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(),
new String[] {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
StorageKeys.STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE))

但它们都表明 onRequestPermissionsResult(...) 已被弃用。

这是我的 onRequestPermissionsResult(...) 方法：

  @Override
  public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                         @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

    if (requestCode == StorageKeys.STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE) {

      if (grantResults.length > 0
          && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

        exportBibTex.createBibFile();
        exportBibTex.writeBibFile(exportBibTex
            .getBibDataLibrary(libraryModel, bookDao, noteDao));

        Toast.makeText(getContext(),
            getString(R.string.exported_file_stored_in) + '\n'
                + File.separator + StorageKeys.DOWNLOAD_FOLDER + File.separator + fileName
                + StorageKeys.BIB_FILE_TYPE, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

      } else {
        Toast.makeText(getContext(), R.string.storage_permission_denied,
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }
    }
  }

这是一个简单的警报对话框，我在其中调用 onRequestPermissionsResult(...)：

  private void showRequestPermissionDialog() {
    AlertDialog.Builder reqAlertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(getContext());
    reqAlertDialog.setTitle(R.string.storage_permission_needed);
    reqAlertDialog.setMessage(R.string.storage_permission_alert_msg);

    reqAlertDialog.setPositiveButton(R.string.ok,
        (dialog, which) -> ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(),
            new String[] {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
            StorageKeys.STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE));
    reqAlertDialog.setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,
        (dialog, which) -> dialog.dismiss());

    reqAlertDialog.create().show();
  }

我可以使用 onRequestPermissionsResult(...) 的替代方法吗？

【问题讨论】：

onRequestPermissionsResult() 在androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity 中没有被弃用。你使用了哪个 Activity 类？
我在片段中使用它。 Android Studio 的解释是：“Overrides deprecated method in 'androidx.fragment.app.Fragment'”
我发布了答案并宣传了您的问题。所以你可以检查我的答案。
你应该看看这个官方指南：youtu.be/oP-zXjkT0C0。 onActivityResult() 和 onRequestPermissionResult() 现在都已弃用。
requestPermissions 方法已弃用。

标签： java android permissions request deprecated

【解决方案1】：

onRequestPermissionsResult() 方法在 androidx.fragment.app.Fragment 中已弃用。

所以你使用registerForActivityResult() 方法而不是onRequestPermissionsResult()。

你可以参考这个URL。

以下是 kotlin 代码。不过你可以参考一下。

val permReqLuncher = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()){
  if (it) {
     // Good pass
  } else {
     // Failed pass
  }
}

我从以下 URL 添加了 java 代码。
How to get a permission request in new ActivityResult API (1.3.0-alpha05)?

private ActivityResultLauncher<String> mPermissionResult = registerForActivityResult(
        new ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission(),
        new ActivityResultCallback<Boolean>() {
            @Override
            public void onActivityResult(Boolean result) {
                if(result) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "onActivityResult: PERMISSION GRANTED");
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "onActivityResult: PERMISSION DENIED");
                }
            }
        });



        // Launch the permission window -- this is in onCreateView()
    floatingActionButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
         mPermissionResult.launch(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION);

        }
    });

您可以请求多个权限。

    val requestMultiplePermissions = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
        permissions.entries.forEach {
            Log.e("DEBUG", "${it.key} = ${it.value}")
        }
    }

    requestMultiplePermissions.launch(
        arrayOf(
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
       )
    )

【讨论】：

谢谢，我可以使用 ActivityResultLauncher(..) 获得多个权限吗？例如 requestPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); requestPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
是的，您可以使用它。但是您需要更改我的代码的某些部分。我更新了我的帖子。
所以调用registerForActivityResult()方法时需要使用ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()。
这在the documentation中也特别提到。

【解决方案2】：

Kotlin中的简单方法

import android.Manifest
import android.content.Context
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Build
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

companion object {
    val TAG: String = MyFragment::class.java.simpleName
    var PERMISSIONS = arrayOf(
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    )
}

private val permReqLauncher =
    registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
        val granted = permissions.entries.all {
            it.value == true
        }
        if (granted) {
            displayCameraFragment()
        }
    }

private fun takePhoto() {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
        displayCameraFragment()
    }
    activity?.let {
        if (hasPermissions(activity as Context, PERMISSIONS)) {
            displayCameraFragment()
        } else {
            permReqLauncher.launch(
                PERMISSIONS
            )
        }
    }
}

// util method
private fun hasPermissions(context: Context, permissions: Array<String>): Boolean = permissions.all {
    ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, it) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

private fun displayCameraFragment() {
    // open camera fragment
}
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

替代 registerForActivityResult

使用示例：

 private fun permissionSetup() {
    val permission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
        requireContext(), Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

    if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        permissionsResultCallback.launch(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
    } else {
        println("Permission isGranted")
    }
}

private val permissionsResultCallback = registerForActivityResult(
    ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()){
    when (it) {
        true -> { println("Permission has been granted by user") }
        false -> {
            Toast.makeText(requireContext(), "Permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            dialog.dismiss()
        }
    }
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

这对我有用 - (kotlin)：

private fun checkPermissions() {
    if (mContext?.let {
        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            it,
            READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
        )
    } != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    Log.d(TAG, "Request Permissions")
    requestMultiplePermissions.launch(
        arrayOf(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE))
 } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "Permission Already Granted")
    }
}

private val requestMultiplePermissions =
    registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
        permissions.entries.forEach {
            Log.d(TAG, "${it.key} = ${it.value}")
        }
        if (permissions[READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE] == true && permissions[WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE] == true) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Permission granted")
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Permission not granted")
        }
    }

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

大多数答案都解决了 OP 要求。但是我发现缺少的东西很少，所以我想提供一个完整的例子（在 Koltin 中）

class ProfileFragment : Fragment(){

private lateinit var permissionRequest : ActivityResultLauncher<Array<String>>

companion object {
      
    val LOCATION_PERMISSIONS = arrayOf(
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
        )
    }

    private fun getGpsLocation() {
        if(activity != null){
            permissionRequest.launch(LOCATION_PERMISSIONS)
        }
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

        binding.locBtn.setOnClickListener { getGpsLocation() }
    }


    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        registerPermissionRequest()
    }
        
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {

        binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate(inflater, R.layout.fragment_profile, container, false)
       
        return binding.root
    }
    
    private fun registerPermissionRequest(){
            var permissionCount = 0
            permissionRequest = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
                permissions.entries.forEach {
                    if(it.value){
                        permissionCount++
                    }
    
                }
    
                if(permissionCount == 2){
                    getMyLocation()
                }
            }
        }
    }

缺少的东西是

A)片段必须在创建之前调用 registerForActivityResult()（即初始化、onAttach() 或 onCreate()）。否则它将无法工作并且应用程序会崩溃。

错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: 片段 ProfileFragment{bf12414} (210ad5a1-3286-4586-a48f-deac1d8e3eef id=0x7f09008b) 正在尝试 registerForActivityResult 在被创建的。片段必须在它们之前调用 registerForActivityResult() 被创建（即初始化、onAttach() 或 onCreate()）。

B) 建议在真正需要时请求许可。在我的示例中，当用户单击 ID 为 locBtn 的 Button 时，将显示权限对话框，而不是显示何时创建活动/片段。

【讨论】：

在您的情况下，您在onCreateView 中调用registerForActivityResult。根据我的经验，在onCreate、onAttach 中创建permissionRequest 变量或作为初始化的局部变量通常就足够了。在onCreate 中，我们应该检查调用顺序。最好在其他运算符之前创建变量，因为有时它可能被调用得太早。
@CoolMind，我完全同意你的看法。我确实在描述中提到了相同的内容。我现在已经纠正了。谢谢。

【解决方案6】：

请参考官方文档：https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting

查看以下内容，可在文档中找到。

// Register the permissions callback, which handles the user's response to the
// system permissions dialog. Save the return value, an instance of
// ActivityResultLauncher. You can use either a val, as shown in this snippet,
// or a lateinit var in your onAttach() or onCreate() method.
val requestPermissionLauncher =
    registerForActivityResult(RequestPermission()
    ) { isGranted: Boolean ->
        if (isGranted) {
            // Permission is granted. Continue the action or workflow in your
            // app.
        } else {
            // Explain to the user that the feature is unavailable because the
            // features requires a permission that the user has denied. At the
            // same time, respect the user's decision. Don't link to system
            // settings in an effort to convince the user to change their
            // decision.
        }
    }

之后，启动请求

when {
    ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            CONTEXT,
            Manifest.permission.REQUESTED_PERMISSION
            ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED -> {
        // You can use the API that requires the permission.
    }
    //Is not needed for it to work, but is a good practice as it plays a role
    //in letting user know why the permission is needed.
    shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(...) -> {
        // In an educational UI, explain to the user why your app requires this
        // permission for a specific feature to behave as expected. In this UI,
        // include a "cancel" or "no thanks" button that allows the user to
        // continue using your app without granting the permission.
        showInContextUI(...)
    }
    else -> {
        // You can directly ask for the permission.
        // The registered ActivityResultCallback gets the result of this request.
        requestPermissionLauncher.launch(
                Manifest.permission.REQUESTED_PERMISSION)
    }
}

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

您可以使用一些外部库进行权限处理以减少一些样板代码。我使用Dexter library。如果您使用 RxJava2，Rx Permissions 也是不错的选择。

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

在您的活动或片段中注册权限回调。处理用户权限示例-存储权限

 private final ActivityResultLauncher<String> requestPermissionLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
        new ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission(),
        result -> {
            if (result) {
                  //Permission granted
 
            } else {
               //permission denied
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    //show permission snackbar
                } else {
                   //display error dialog
                }
            }

        });

请求权限。注册的ActivityResultCallback得到这个请求的结果。

if (checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    requestPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                } else {
                    //Permission already granted 
                }

【讨论】：