如何使用约束布局将视图定位在屏幕边缘附近？答案

【问题标题】：How to position views near the screen edges using Constraint Layout?如何使用约束布局将视图定位在屏幕边缘附近？
【发布时间】：2018-05-22 17:02:47
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将我的 GridLayout 更改为 ConstraintLayout。

我的网格如下所示：

<android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_asset"

    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="0"
    app:layout_row="0"

    app:hideText="true"
    app:skipStartColor="true"/>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_asset"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="0"
    app:layout_row="1"

    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    android:text="text text text" />

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_sync"

    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="2"
    app:layout_row="0"

    app:hideText="true"
    app:skipStartColor="true"/>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_sync"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="2"
    app:layout_row="1"

    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    android:text="text text text" />

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_completed"

    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_medium"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_medium"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="0"
    app:layout_row="3"

    app:hideText="true"
    app:skipStartColor="true"/>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_completed"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_column="0"
    app:layout_row="4"

    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    android:text="@string/msg_in_store_commissioning_stage_completed" />

<View
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"

    app:layout_column="1"
    app:layout_row="2"
    app:layout_columnWeight="1"
    app:layout_rowWeight="1"/>

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_params"

    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"

    app:layout_gravity="center"
    app:layout_column="2"
    app:layout_row="3"

    app:hideText="true"
    app:skipStartColor="true"/>

</android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout>

它会产生如下输出：

我是 ConstraintLayout 的新手。有没有一种简单的方法可以使用约束布局来完成相同的行为？我想它会更高效、更干净。

使用 RelativeLayout 将只是左对齐、右对齐、下对齐等。使用 LinearLayout 只是在这些 Circular 视图之间放置一些空视图并为其添加特定的权重。

但是如何使用 ConstraintLayout 轻松完成呢？

更新：到目前为止，这是我对 ConstraintLayout 的尝试：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">


<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_asset"
    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
    app:hideText="true"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:skipStartColor="true" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_asset"

    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="12dp"

    android:gravity="center"
    android:text="text text text"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    app:layout_column="0"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/progress_stage_asset"
    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:layout_row="1" />

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_sync"
    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"

    app:hideText="true"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:skipStartColor="true" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_sync"
    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin_small"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:text="text text text"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/progress_stage_sync"
    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_stage_completed"

    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_medium"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_medium"

    android:layout_marginBottom="48dp"


    app:hideText="true"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    app:skipStartColor="true" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_completed"

    style="@style/AppWidget.Text.Emphasized"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:layout_marginStart="3dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin_small"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:text="@string/msg_in_store_commissioning_stage_completed"
    android:textColor="@color/circular_progress_middle_color"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/progress_stage_completed"
    app:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />

<com.app.widget.CircularColorProgressView
    android:layout_width="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/circular_color_progress_size_small"
    android:layout_marginBottom="80dp"
    android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
    app:hideText="true"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:skipStartColor="true" />

它产生的结果与 Grid 非常相似：

【问题讨论】：

请分享您对 ConstraintLayout 的尝试。
请也分享您的 CircularColorProgressView 文件
@RamiJemli 我更新了我的问题

标签： android android-layout android-constraintlayout android-gridlayout

【解决方案1】：

如果你使用 android studio 中的设计编辑器来完成这件事会很容易。

在您的视图中将android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout 添加为父级

> 左上对齐视图

  app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"

在右上角对齐视图

 app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
 app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"

在左下角对齐视图

 app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
 app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

在右下角对齐视图

  app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
  app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

将视图与另一个视图的下方对齐（在您的情况下为 TextView）

 app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/viewId"

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

试试这个：

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/gridLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_stage_asset"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
         />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_asset"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="text text text"
        android:textColor="@android:color/black"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/progress_stage_asset"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="@+id/progress_stage_asset"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/progress_stage_asset" />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_stage_sync"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
         />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_sync"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="text text text"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@id/progress_stage_sync"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/progress_stage_sync"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/progress_stage_sync"/>

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_stage_completed"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/progress_text_stage_completed"
        />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/progress_text_stage_completed"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello"
        android:textColor="@android:color/black"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/progress_stage_completed"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="@+id/progress_stage_completed"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_stage_params"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
       />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

【讨论】：