C: 套接字连接超时

Question

我有一个简单的程序来检查端口是否打开，但我想缩短套接字连接的超时长度，因为默认值太长了。我不确定如何做到这一点。代码如下：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    u_short port;                /* user specified port number */
    char addr[1023];             /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */
    struct sockaddr_in address;  /* the libc network address data structure */
    short int sock = -1;         /* file descriptor for the network socket */

    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage %s <port_num> <address>", argv[0]);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2]); /* assign the address */
    address.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));            /* translate int2port num */

    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) {
        printf("%i is open\n", port);
    }  
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

设置套接字非阻塞，并使用select()（它带有一个超时参数）。如果一个非阻塞套接字正在尝试连接，那么select() 将在connect() 完成（成功或不成功）时指示该套接字是可写的。然后您使用getsockopt() 来确定@​​987654325@ 的结果：

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    u_short port;                /* user specified port number */
    char *addr;                  /* will be a pointer to the address */
    struct sockaddr_in address;  /* the libc network address data structure */
    short int sock = -1;         /* file descriptor for the network socket */
    fd_set fdset;
    struct timeval tv;

    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage %s <port_num> <address>\n", argv[0]);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    port = atoi(argv[1]);
    addr = argv[2];

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr); /* assign the address */
    address.sin_port = htons(port);            /* translate int2port num */

    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);

    connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));

    FD_ZERO(&fdset);
    FD_SET(sock, &fdset);
    tv.tv_sec = 10;             /* 10 second timeout */
    tv.tv_usec = 0;

    if (select(sock + 1, NULL, &fdset, NULL, &tv) == 1)
    {
        int so_error;
        socklen_t len = sizeof so_error;

        getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &so_error, &len);

        if (so_error == 0) {
            printf("%s:%d is open\n", addr, port);
        }
    }

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

Answer 2

这篇文章可能会有所帮助：

Connect with timeout (or another use for select() )

看起来您在连接之前将套接字置于非阻塞模式，然后在连接建立后将其恢复为阻塞模式。

void connect_w_to(void) { 
  int res; 
  struct sockaddr_in addr; 
  long arg; 
  fd_set myset; 
  struct timeval tv; 
  int valopt; 
  socklen_t lon; 

  // Create socket 
  soc = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 
  if (soc < 0) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Error creating socket (%d %s)\n", errno, strerror(errno)); 
     exit(0); 
  } 

  addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
  addr.sin_port = htons(2000); 
  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.1"); 

  // Set non-blocking 
  if( (arg = fcntl(soc, F_GETFL, NULL)) < 0) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Error fcntl(..., F_GETFL) (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 
     exit(0); 
  } 
  arg |= O_NONBLOCK; 
  if( fcntl(soc, F_SETFL, arg) < 0) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Error fcntl(..., F_SETFL) (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 
     exit(0); 
  } 
  // Trying to connect with timeout 
  res = connect(soc, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)); 
  if (res < 0) { 
     if (errno == EINPROGRESS) { 
        fprintf(stderr, "EINPROGRESS in connect() - selecting\n"); 
        do { 
           tv.tv_sec = 15; 
           tv.tv_usec = 0; 
           FD_ZERO(&myset); 
           FD_SET(soc, &myset); 
           res = select(soc+1, NULL, &myset, NULL, &tv); 
           if (res < 0 && errno != EINTR) { 
              fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting %d - %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); 
              exit(0); 
           } 
           else if (res > 0) { 
              // Socket selected for write 
              lon = sizeof(int); 
              if (getsockopt(soc, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (void*)(&valopt), &lon) < 0) { 
                 fprintf(stderr, "Error in getsockopt() %d - %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); 
                 exit(0); 
              } 
              // Check the value returned... 
              if (valopt) { 
                 fprintf(stderr, "Error in delayed connection() %d - %s\n", valopt, strerror(valopt) 
); 
                 exit(0); 
              } 
              break; 
           } 
           else { 
              fprintf(stderr, "Timeout in select() - Cancelling!\n"); 
              exit(0); 
           } 
        } while (1); 
     } 
     else { 
        fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting %d - %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); 
        exit(0); 
     } 
  } 
  // Set to blocking mode again... 
  if( (arg = fcntl(soc, F_GETFL, NULL)) < 0) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Error fcntl(..., F_GETFL) (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 
     exit(0); 
  } 
  arg &= (~O_NONBLOCK); 
  if( fcntl(soc, F_SETFL, arg) < 0) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Error fcntl(..., F_SETFL) (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 
     exit(0); 
  } 
  // I hope that is all 
}

Answer 3

关于使用select()/poll()的答案是正确的，代码应该这样写才能移植。

但是，由于您使用的是 Linux，因此您可以这样做：

int synRetries = 2; // Send a total of 3 SYN packets => Timeout ~7s
setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_SYNCNT, &synRetries, sizeof(synRetries));

请参阅 man 7 tcp 和 man setsockopt。

我用它来加速我需要快速修补的程序中的连接超时。通过select()/poll() 将其破解为超时不是一种选择。

Answer 4

这是一个现代的connect_with_timeout 实现，使用poll，具有适当的错误和信号处理：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <time.h>

int connect_with_timeout(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, unsigned int timeout_ms) {
    int rc = 0;
    // Set O_NONBLOCK
    int sockfd_flags_before;
    if((sockfd_flags_before=fcntl(sockfd,F_GETFL,0)<0)) return -1;
    if(fcntl(sockfd,F_SETFL,sockfd_flags_before | O_NONBLOCK)<0) return -1;
    // Start connecting (asynchronously)
    do {
        if (connect(sockfd, addr, addrlen)<0) {
            // Did connect return an error? If so, we'll fail.
            if ((errno != EWOULDBLOCK) && (errno != EINPROGRESS)) {
                rc = -1;
            }
            // Otherwise, we'll wait for it to complete.
            else {
                // Set a deadline timestamp 'timeout' ms from now (needed b/c poll can be interrupted)
                struct timespec now;
                if(clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now)<0) { rc=-1; break; }
                struct timespec deadline = { .tv_sec = now.tv_sec,
                                             .tv_nsec = now.tv_nsec + timeout_ms*1000000l};
                // Wait for the connection to complete.
                do {
                    // Calculate how long until the deadline
                    if(clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now)<0) { rc=-1; break; }
                    int ms_until_deadline = (int)(  (deadline.tv_sec  - now.tv_sec)*1000l
                                                  + (deadline.tv_nsec - now.tv_nsec)/1000000l);
                    if(ms_until_deadline<0) { rc=0; break; }
                    // Wait for connect to complete (or for the timeout deadline)
                    struct pollfd pfds[] = { { .fd = sockfd, .events = POLLOUT } };
                    rc = poll(pfds, 1, ms_until_deadline);
                    // If poll 'succeeded', make sure it *really* succeeded
                    if(rc>0) {
                        int error = 0; socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
                        int retval = getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &len);
                        if(retval==0) errno = error;
                        if(error!=0) rc=-1;
                    }
                }
                // If poll was interrupted, try again.
                while(rc==-1 && errno==EINTR);
                // Did poll timeout? If so, fail.
                if(rc==0) {
                    errno = ETIMEDOUT;
                    rc=-1;
                }
            }
        }
    } while(0);
    // Restore original O_NONBLOCK state
    if(fcntl(sockfd,F_SETFL,sockfd_flags_before)<0) return -1;
    // Success
    return rc;
}

Answer 5

在 Linux 上你也可以使用：

struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec  = 7;  // after 7 seconds connect() will timeout
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(timeout));
connect(...)

如果不需要，别忘了在connect() 之后清除SO_SNDTIMEO。

Answer 6

这个参数化了 ip、端口、超时（以秒为单位）、处理连接错误并为您提供以毫秒为单位的连接时间：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    struct sockaddr_in addr_s;
    char *addr;
    short int fd=-1;
    int port;
    fd_set fdset;
    struct timeval tv;
    int rc;
    int so_error;
    socklen_t len;
    struct timespec tstart={0,0}, tend={0,0};
    int seconds;

    if (argc != 4) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ip> <port> <timeout_seconds>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    addr = argv[1];
    port = atoi(argv[2]);
    seconds = atoi(argv[3]);

    addr_s.sin_family = AF_INET; // utilizzo IPv4
    addr_s.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr);
    addr_s.sin_port = htons(port);

    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tstart);

    fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); // setup non blocking socket

    // make the connection
    rc = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr_s, sizeof(addr_s));
    if ((rc == -1) && (errno != EINPROGRESS)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(fd);
        return 1;
    }
    if (rc == 0) {
        // connection has succeeded immediately
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tend);
        printf("socket %s:%d connected. It took %.5f seconds\n",
            addr, port, (((double)tend.tv_sec + 1.0e-9*tend.tv_nsec) - ((double)tstart.tv_sec + 1.0e-9*tstart.tv_nsec)));

        close(fd);
        return 0;
    } /*else {
        // connection attempt is in progress
    } */

    FD_ZERO(&fdset);
    FD_SET(fd, &fdset);
    tv.tv_sec = seconds;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;

    rc = select(fd + 1, NULL, &fdset, NULL, &tv);
    switch(rc) {
    case 1: // data to read
        len = sizeof(so_error);

        getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &so_error, &len);

        if (so_error == 0) {
            clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tend);
            printf("socket %s:%d connected. It took %.5f seconds\n",
                addr, port, (((double)tend.tv_sec + 1.0e-9*tend.tv_nsec) - ((double)tstart.tv_sec + 1.0e-9*tstart.tv_nsec)));
            close(fd);
            return 0;
        } else { // error
            printf("socket %s:%d NOT connected: %s\n", addr, port, strerror(so_error));
        }
        break;
    case 0: //timeout
        fprintf(stderr, "connection timeout trying to connect to %s:%d\n", addr, port);
        break;
    }

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

Answer 7

Nahuel Greco的解决方案除了编译错误还有什么问题吗？

如果我改变一行

// Compilation error
setsockopt(fd, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(timeout));

到

// Fixed?
setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(timeout));

然后它似乎像宣传的那样工作 - socket() 返回超时错误。

结果代码：

struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec  = 7;  // after 7 seconds connect() will timeout
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(timeout));
connect(...)

我不知道在发送超时和非阻塞套接字之间进行权衡，但我很想学习。

Answer 8

SO_RCVTIMEO 和SO_SNDTIMEO 这两个套接字选项对connect 没有影响。以下是包含此说明的屏幕截图的链接，这里我只是简要介绍一下。使用connect 实现超时的恰当方法是使用signal 或select or poll。

信号

connect 可以通过使用系统调用（包装器）alarm 被自生成信号SIGALRM 中断。但是，应该为相同的信号安装信号处理，否则程序将被终止。代码是这样的......

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<errno.h>

static void signal_handler(int signo)
{
    return; // Do nothing just interrupt.
}

int main()
{
    /* Register signal handler */

    struct sigaction act, oact;

    act.sa_handler = signal_handler;
    sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
    act.sa_flags = 0;

#ifdef SA_INTERRUPT
    act.sa_flags |= SA_INTERRUPT;
#endif

    if(sigaction(SIGALRM, &act, &oact) < 0)  // Error registering signal handler.
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error registering signal disposition\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Prepare your socket and sockaddr structures */

    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr* servaddr;

    /* Implementing timeout connect */

    int sec = 30;

    if(alarm(sec) != 0)
        fprintf(stderr, "Already timer was set\n");

    if(connect(sockfd, servaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
    {
        if(errno == EINTR)
            fprintf(stderr, "Connect timeout\n");
        else
            fprintf(stderr, "Connect failed\n");

        close(sockfd);

        exit(1);
    }

    alarm(0);  /* turn off the alarm */

    sigaction(SIGALRM, &oact, NULL);  /* Restore the default actions of SIGALRM */

    /* Use socket */


    /* End program */

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

选择或投票

由于已经有一些用户很好地解释了如何使用select 来实现connect 超时，所以我没有必要再重复一遍。 poll 可以以相同的方式使用。但是，所有答案中都存在一些共同的错误，我想解决这些错误。

• 即使套接字是非阻塞的，如果我们连接的服务器在同一台本地机器上，connect 可能会成功返回。所以建议在调用select之前检查connect的返回值。

• Berkeley 派生的实现（和 POSIX）对非阻塞套接字和connect 具有以下规则。

  1) 连接成功完成后，描述符变为可写（TCPv2 的第 531 页）。

  2）当连接建立遇到错误时，描述符变为可读可写（TCPv2第530页）。

所以代码应该处理这些情况，这里我只是编写了必要的修改代码。

/* All the code stays */

/* Modifications at connect */

int conn_ret = connect(sockfd, servaddr, sizeof(struct sockdaddr));

if(conn_ret == 0)
    goto done;

/* Modifications at select */

int sec = 30;
for( ; ; )
{
    struct timeval timeo;
    timeo.tv_sec = sec;
    timeo.tv_usec = 0;

    fd_set wr_set, rd_set;
    FDZERO(&wr_set);
    FD_SET(sockfd, &wr_set);
    rd_set = wr_set;
    int sl_ret = select(sockfd + 1, &rd_set, &wr_set, NULL, &timeo);

    /* All the code stays */
}


done:

    /* Use your socket */

Text from Unix Network Programming Volume 1