用于 javascript 生成内容的 Python 网页抓取

Question

我正在尝试使用 python3 返回由http://www.doi2bib.org/ 生成的 bibtex 引用。 url 是可预测的，因此脚本可以计算出 url，而无需与网页交互。我曾尝试使用 selenium、bs4 等，但无法在框中获取文本。

url = "http://www.doi2bib.org/#/doi/10.1007/s00425-007-0544-9"
import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
text = BeautifulSoup(urllib.request.urlopen(url).read())
print(text)

谁能建议一种在 python 中将 bibtex 引用作为字符串（或其他）返回的方法？

Answer 1

这里不需要BeautifulSoup。有一个额外的 XHR 请求发送到服务器以填写 bibtex 引用，模拟它，例如使用requests：

import requests

bibtex_id = '10.1007/s00425-007-0544-9'

url = "http://www.doi2bib.org/#/doi/{id}".format(id=bibtex_id)
xhr_url = 'http://www.doi2bib.org/doi2bib'

with requests.Session() as session:
    session.get(url)

    response = session.get(xhr_url, params={'id': bibtex_id})
    print(response.content)

打印：

@article{Burgert_2007,
    doi = {10.1007/s00425-007-0544-9},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-007-0544-9},
    year = 2007,
    month = {jun},
    publisher = {Springer Science $\mathplus$ Business Media},
    volume = {226},
    number = {4},
    pages = {981--987},
    author = {Ingo Burgert and Michaela Eder and Notburga Gierlinger and Peter Fratzl},
    title = {Tensile and compressive stresses in tracheids are induced by swelling based on geometrical constraints of the wood cell},
    journal = {Planta}
}

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您也可以使用selenium 解决它。这里的关键技巧是使用Explicit Wait 等待引用to become visible：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('http://www.doi2bib.org/#/doi/10.1007/s00425-007-0544-9')

element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//pre[@ng-show="bib"]')))
print(element.text)

driver.close()

打印与上述解决方案相同。