在 Google colaboratory for c++ 中安装 OpenCV 需要太多时间

Question

我正在使用 OpenCV 在 c++ 中编程。在 google Colaboratory 中，我每次开始工作时都必须安装它。构建和安装缓慢且耗时。 有没有办法快速做到？ OpenCV 没有预装在 Google Colaboratory 中吗？ 谢谢你

我正在按照这些步骤安装 OpenCV。

!apt-get install build-essential
!apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
!apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libdc1394-22-dev

!cd /content/
!git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
!git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git

!mkdir /content/opencv/build
%cd /content/opencv/build
#!cmake -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/content/opencv_contrib/modules -DWITH_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DBUILD_DOCS=TRUE -DBUIL_EXAMPLES=TRUE -DENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 -DCUDA_FAST_MATH=1 -DWITH_CUBLAS=1 ..
! time cmake -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/content/opencv_contrib/modules -DWITH_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DBUILD_DOCS=FALSE -DBUIL_EXAMPLES=FALSE ..

! time make -j2
%cd /content/opencv/build
!time make install

Answer 1

我不知道你可以在 Google Colab 中运行 c++ 代码：不是专家，但希望我能提供一些有用的建议。

看来 Colab 上已经安装了 OpenCV 3.2：

!find .. -name 'libopencv*'

输出：

../usr/share/lintian/overrides/libopencv3.2-jni
../usr/share/lintian/overrides/libopencv-contrib3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-objdetect3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-calib3d3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-videoio3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-features2d3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-flann-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-video3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-videoio-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-imgproc3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-contrib-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-objdetect-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-imgcodecs3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv3.2-java
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-superres3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-stitching-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv3.2-jni
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-core3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-core-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-superres-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-features2d-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-ml3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-viz-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-calib3d-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-highgui-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-highgui3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-flann3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-video-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-imgproc-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-videostab-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-photo3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-shape-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-ts-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-viz3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-stitching3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-ml-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-imgcodecs-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-videostab3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-shape3.2
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-photo-dev
../usr/share/doc/libopencv-contrib3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_optflow.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_datasets.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_line_descriptor.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xphoto.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_hdf.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_line_descriptor.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_shape.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_face.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_text.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_aruco.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xphoto.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_dpm.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_hdf.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_dpm.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_plot.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_plot.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videoio.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bioinspired.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_viz.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_rgbd.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_reg.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_viz.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_shape.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_text.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_optflow.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ccalib.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_saliency.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bgsegm.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_line_descriptor.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_face.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_surface_matching.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_face.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xobjdetect.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bioinspired.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_saliency.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_viz.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_rgbd.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_plot.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_structured_light.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_text.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_phase_unwrapping.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_saliency.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ccalib.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xphoto.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_structured_light.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgcodecs.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_reg.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_optflow.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_fuzzy.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_saliency.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_dpm.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_freetype.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videoio.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_shape.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_aruco.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ts.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_reg.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ximgproc.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ximgproc.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bioinspired.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ximgproc.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_fuzzy.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bgsegm.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_optflow.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_plot.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ccalib.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xobjdetect.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_freetype.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_surface_matching.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_hdf.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_freetype.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xobjdetect.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_reg.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xphoto.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stereo.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_aruco.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_shape.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_structured_light.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_freetype.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_rgbd.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_hdf.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_text.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bgsegm.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgcodecs.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bgsegm.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_bioinspired.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_structured_light.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_phase_unwrapping.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videoio.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_phase_unwrapping.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_surface_matching.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_dpm.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_xobjdetect.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_aruco.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ximgproc.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_fuzzy.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stereo.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_face.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ccalib.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_datasets.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stereo.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_rgbd.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stereo.so
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_datasets.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_line_descriptor.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_fuzzy.a
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_viz.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_datasets.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videoio.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_surface_matching.so.3.2
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so.3.2.0
../usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_phase_unwrapping.so.3.2

还有：

../usr/share/OpenCV/OpenCVConfig.cmake

和!pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv 输出：

-I/usr/include/opencv -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_face -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hdf -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_video -lopencv_plot -lopencv_reg -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_viz -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_text -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ml -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core

或者，如果您想使用 OpenCV 4.4，您可以寻找可能拥有它的不同 apt-get 镜像，或者在 64 位 Ubuntu（物理机或虚拟机）上编译并准备好安装文件夹以供下载.tar.gz 存档什么的。 请记住，如果您使用 CMake，您可以指向 install/share/OpenCV/OpenCVConfig.cmake（无需替换 /usr/lib 文件）

这是我在仅 CPU 的 Colab 上获得的版本信息：

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
Release:    18.04
Codename:   bionic