【问题标题】:Are strings mutable in Ruby?Ruby 中的字符串是可变的吗?
【发布时间】:2011-08-06 21:29:35
【问题描述】:
Ruby 中的字符串是可变的吗?根据documentation做的
str = "hello"
str = str + " world"
创建一个新的字符串对象,其值为"hello world",但是当我们这样做时
str = "hello"
str << " world"
它没有提到它创建了一个新对象,所以它是否改变了 str 对象,它现在将具有值 "hello world"?
【问题讨论】:
标签:
ruby
string
immutability
mutable
【解决方案1】:
是的,<< 改变了同一个对象,+ 创建了一个新对象。示范:
irb(main):011:0> str = "hello"
=> "hello"
irb(main):012:0> str.object_id
=> 22269036
irb(main):013:0> str << " world"
=> "hello world"
irb(main):014:0> str.object_id
=> 22269036
irb(main):015:0> str = str + " world"
=> "hello world world"
irb(main):016:0> str.object_id
=> 21462360
irb(main):017:0>
【解决方案2】:
作为补充,这种可变性的一个含义如下:
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :001 > str = "foo"
=> "foo"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :002 > ref = str
=> "foo"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :003 > str = str + "bar"
=> "foobar"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :004 > str
=> "foobar"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :005 > ref
=> "foo"
和
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :001 > str = "foo"
=> "foo"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :002 > ref = str
=> "foo"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :003 > str << "bar"
=> "foobar"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :004 > str
=> "foobar"
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :005 > ref
=> "foobar"
因此,您应该明智地选择用于字符串的方法以避免意外行为。
此外,如果您希望在整个应用程序中保持不变和独特,您应该使用符号:
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :001 > "foo" == "foo"
=> true
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :002 > "foo".object_id == "foo".object_id
=> false
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :003 > :foo == :foo
=> true
ruby-1.9.2-p0 :004 > :foo.object_id == :foo.object_id
=> true