Ruby On Rails - NoMethodError：nil:NilClass 的未定义方法“[]”

Question

我正在尝试在新计算机上运行一些 ruby​​ 代码，但收到以下错误 (rails db:migrate --trace)

** Invoke db:migrate (first_time)
** Invoke db:load_config (first_time)
** Invoke environment (first_time)
** Execute environment
rails aborted!
NoMethodError: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass
/Users/jairochavez/Documents/Rails/rfdf_bolivia/config/initializers/stripe.rb:2:in `<main>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `block in load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:657:in `block in load_config_initializer'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:656:in `load_config_initializer'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:614:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:613:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:613:in `block in <class:Engine>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:422:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:421:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component_from'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:50:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:50:in `tsort_each_child'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:415:in `call'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:415:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:361:in `initialize!'
/Users/jairochavez/Documents/Rails/rfdf_bolivia/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:337:in `require_environment!'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:520:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:273:in `block in execute'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:273:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:273:in `execute'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:214:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/monitor.rb:230:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:238:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:213:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/monitor.rb:230:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:238:in `block in invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `invoke_prerequisites'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:213:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/monitor.rb:230:in `mon_synchronize'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:183:in `invoke'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:160:in `invoke_task'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `each'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:116:in `block in top_level'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:125:in `run_with_threads'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:110:in `top_level'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:23:in `block in perform'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:186:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `perform'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/Documents/Rails/rfdf_bolivia/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `load'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/.rbenv/versions/2.6.3/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/Users/jairochavez/Documents/Rails/rfdf_bolivia/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => db:load_config => environment

config/initializers/stripe.rb

Rails.configuration.stripe = { 
  publishable_key: Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:stripe][:public_key], 
  secret_key:      Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:stripe][:secret_key] 
} 
Stripe.api_key = Rails.configuration.stripe[:secret_key]

Answer 1

从您发布的堆栈跟踪来看，这一行尤其是问题所在：

Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:stripe][:public_key]

由于您要链接多个哈希访问，其中一个对象是nil。您可以尝试通过在初始化程序的顶部添加类似这样的内容来检查它们中的每一个：

puts Rails.application.credentials.inspect
puts Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym].inspect
puts Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:stripe].inspect

这将告诉您不应该是nil 的部分，并且您可以相应地更新您的凭据文件。

Answer 2

根据您的配置，您的 credentials.yml 应该如下所示：

stripe:
  secret_key: pk_123456789012345
  public_key: sk_abcdefghijklnmk

在您的 stripe.rb 中您错过了 [:secret_key]。它应该看起来像这样。但是，当您在生产环境中进行预编译时，这也不起作用。

Stripe.api_key = Rails.application.credentials[Rails.env.to_sym][:stripe][:secret_key] 

改用 dig 方法。

所以对于你的 stripe.rb

Stripe.api_key = Rails.application.credentials.dig(:stripe, :secret_key)

在你的终端运行

RAILS_ENV=production rails c

在控制台运行

Rails.application.credentials.dig(:stripe, :secret_key)

现在你应该得到一个值。

这是我遇到并遭受的一个问题，直到我弄明白为止。这似乎是 Rails 代码库的问题。不确定我们是否需要加载凭据来编译资产。无论如何，他们关闭了这个问题，但我不确定他们为什么关闭它。这是该问题的链接。 https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/32947

Answer 3

克隆现有存储库时，如果您没有 config/master.key 文件（未签入源代码控制，例如 GitHub），您可能会遇到此错误。这是因为，正如@Elias Glyptis 指出的那样，编译资产需要凭据（如Rails #32947 中所述）。