【发布时间】：2016-03-08 19:29:20
【问题描述】：
好的，当我尝试创建一个新的 Rails 项目时，我遇到了这个问题， 但首先我会告诉你我已经设置了常见的问题（Ruby 版本、bundler、brew postgresql
~
▶ type rbenv
rbenv is a shell function
▶ gem list | grep bundler
bundler (1.10.6)
▶ rbenv local
rbenv: no local version configured for this directory
▶ which psql
/usr/local/bin/psql
▶ which bundler
/Users/hectorleon/.rbenv/shims/bundler
▶ which postgresql
postgresql not found
▶ which psql
/usr/local/bin/psql
▶ brew list
autoconf git mpfr openssl python readline xz
boost gmp mysql pcre python3 redis zsh
gcc isl node pkg-config rbenv ruby-build zsh-completions
gdbm libmpc numpy postgresql rbenv-gem-rehash sqlite
▶ createuser myusername
createuser: creation of new role failed: ERROR: role "myusername" already exists
▶ brew install postgresql
Warning: postgresql-9.4.5_2 already installed
▶ ruby -v
ruby 2.2.3p173 (2015-08-18 revision 51636) [x86_64-darwin14]
▶ gem install pg
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed pg-0.18.4
Parsing documentation for pg-0.18.4
Done installing documentation for pg after 2 seconds
1 gem installed
▶ brew list
autoconf git libpqxx numpy postgresql rbenv-gem-rehash sqlite
boost gmp mpfr openssl python readline xz
gcc isl mysql pcre python3 redis zsh
gdbm libmpc node pkg-config rbenv ruby-build zsh-completions
好的，使用 Homebrew 和 rbenv 安装了一堆东西。现在让我们创建一个 rails 项目，看看会发生什么。
▶ rails new whygodwhy -d postgresql
create
create README.rdoc
create Rakefile
create config.ru
create .gitignore
create Gemfile
create app
create app/assets/javascripts/application.js
create app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
create app/controllers/application_controller.rb
create app/helpers/application_helper.rb
create app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
create app/assets/images/.keep
create app/mailers/.keep
create app/models/.keep
create app/controllers/concerns/.keep
create app/models/concerns/.keep
create bin
create bin/bundle
create bin/rails
create bin/rake
create bin/setup
create config
create config/routes.rb
create config/application.rb
create config/environment.rb
create config/secrets.yml
create config/environments
create config/environments/development.rb
create config/environments/production.rb
create config/environments/test.rb
create config/initializers
create config/initializers/assets.rb
create config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb
create config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb
create config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb
create config/initializers/inflections.rb
create config/initializers/mime_types.rb
create config/initializers/session_store.rb
create config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb
create config/locales
create config/locales/en.yml
create config/boot.rb
create config/database.yml
create db
create db/seeds.rb
create lib
create lib/tasks
create lib/tasks/.keep
create lib/assets
create lib/assets/.keep
create log
create log/.keep
create public
create public/404.html
create public/422.html
create public/500.html
create public/favicon.ico
create public/robots.txt
create test/fixtures
create test/fixtures/.keep
create test/controllers
create test/controllers/.keep
create test/mailers
create test/mailers/.keep
create test/models
create test/models/.keep
create test/helpers
create test/helpers/.keep
create test/integration
create test/integration/.keep
create test/test_helper.rb
create tmp/cache
create tmp/cache/assets
create vendor/assets/javascripts
create vendor/assets/javascripts/.keep
create vendor/assets/stylesheets
create vendor/assets/stylesheets/.keep
run bundle install
Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system Rubygems.
You can cancel this installation and run:
bundle install --path vendor/bundle
to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
and install the bundled gems to Rubygems using sudo.
Password:
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/............
Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/...
Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies....
Using rake 10.4.2
Using i18n 0.7.0
Using json 1.8.3
Using minitest 5.8.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.5
Using tzinfo 1.2.2
Using activesupport 4.2.5
Using builder 3.2.2
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using mini_portile2 2.0.0
Using nokogiri 1.6.7
Using rails-deprecated_sanitizer 1.0.3
Using rails-dom-testing 1.0.7
Using loofah 2.0.3
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.2
Using actionview 4.2.5
Using rack 1.6.4
Using rack-test 0.6.3
Using actionpack 4.2.5
Using globalid 0.3.6
Using activejob 4.2.5
Using mime-types 2.99
Using mail 2.6.3
Using actionmailer 4.2.5
Using activemodel 4.2.5
Using arel 6.0.3
Using activerecord 4.2.5
Using debug_inspector 0.0.2
Using binding_of_caller 0.7.2
Using bundler 1.10.6
Using byebug 8.2.1
Using coffee-script-source 1.10.0
Using execjs 2.6.0
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using thor 0.19.1
Using railties 4.2.5
Using coffee-rails 4.1.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.0
Using multi_json 1.11.2
Using jbuilder 2.3.2
Using jquery-rails 4.0.5
Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/local/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no
Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--with-pg
--without-pg
--enable-windows-cross
--disable-windows-cross
--with-pg-config
--without-pg-config
--with-pg_config
--without-pg_config
--with-pg-dir
--without-pg-dir
--with-pg-include
--without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
--with-pg-lib
--without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/
--with-pqlib
--without-pqlib
--with-libpqlib
--without-libpqlib
--with-ms/libpqlib
--without-ms/libpqlib
Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/m0/v30d40yd31bc5hf1lqrt5zn00000gn/T/bundler20151205-52465-pssww8pg-0.18.4/gems/pg-0.18.4 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/folders/m0/v30d40yd31bc5hf1lqrt5zn00000gn/T/bundler20151205-52465-pssww8pg-0.18.4/gems/pg-0.18.4/ext/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.4), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.18.4'` succeeds before bundling.
run bundle exec spring binstub --all
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:347:in `block in verify_gemfile_dependencies_are_found!': Could not find gem 'rails (= 4.2.5) ruby' in any of the gem sources listed in your Gemfile or available on this machine. (Bundler::GemNotFound)
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:325:in `each'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:325:in `verify_gemfile_dependencies_are_found!'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:198:in `start'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:182:in `resolve'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/definition.rb:200:in `resolve'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/definition.rb:140:in `specs'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/definition.rb:185:in `specs_for'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/definition.rb:174:in `requested_specs'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/environment.rb:18:in `requested_specs'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:13:in `setup'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler.rb:127:in `setup'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/bundler-1.10.6/lib/bundler/setup.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
from /Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
好的...所以我看到说“找不到 PostgreSQL 客户端库 (libpq)” 怎么安装呢？不知道，在 Google 上什么也没找到。
此外，如果我尝试进入 postgresql 文件夹，我会收到此消息
postgres does not know where to find the server configuration file. You must specify the --config-file or -D invocation option or set the PGDATA environment variable
总结：
- 我成功安装了 pg gem（已成功创建本机扩展），但之后，rails 项目说我无法构建本机扩展。
- 说当我安装了 bundler 并且 rbenv nice 时我需要密码才能安装 gems：S 没有意义
- 我没有 libpq，我不知道如何/在哪里或需要什么命令：S
- 我安装了 postgresql，但没有安装服务器配置文件
- 我要死了哈哈，真的没有人可以帮助我吗？我在两天内浪费了大约 5 个小时试图解决这个问题，笔记本电脑是新的并且安装了 OSX EL Capitán。
【问题讨论】：
-
这看起来你正在选择使用系统 ruby 安装的 Rails 版本
-
尝试运行错误消息的建议并解决可能的依赖关系：gem install pg -v '0.18.4'。当我阅读 msg 时，您似乎缺少 rails 本身？？
-
@FrederickCheung 我怎样才能检查采取了什么红宝石？ :S
-
@benjamin 两个命令都返回我找不到 Gemfile 但是 gemfile 在已经创建的项目中，所以我不明白
-
which rails会告诉你 rails install 来自哪里
标签： ruby-on-rails ruby macos postgresql gem